Transcript Export volume of some agricultural products

Improvement
competitiveness of
Vietnam’s Agriculture
PhD. Đặng Kim Sơn
Overview of agriculture and export in Vietnam
8
Tăng trưởng GDP
(% thay đổi hàng
năm)
6
4
Tăng trưởng GDP
Nông nghiệp
2
-2
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
0
1990
• Some products become
competitive and
important in the world
market.
10
1988
• Changing from selfsufficiency to production
diversification and export
orientation.
GDP Growth and Agriculture
1986
• From 1998, agricultural
production grows
continuously and rapidly,
4% per year.
Export-oriented agriculture
12
38%
35%
10
Thương mại nông sản
(tỷ USD)
31%
8
6
4
GDP nông nghiệp (tỷ
USD)
2
0
1995
2001
2003
Export volume of some agricultural products
(thousand tons)
1995
1998
2000
2004
Rice
1988
3748
3476
4070
Coffee
248
382
733.94
936
Rubber
138
191
273.4
485
Tea
18.8
33.21
55.66
96
Cashew
98.9
25.2
34.2
107
Pepper
18
15.1
37
109
Export volume of some agricultural products
(million USD)
1995
1998
2000
2004
Rice
530
1024
672
947
Coffee
598
594
501
616
Rubber
188
127.47
166
565
Tea
25.3
50.5
69.61
92
Cashew
88.8
117
167.32
425
Pepper
38.9
64.45
145.93
148
Share of agricultural import markets from Vietnam
Các nước khác
19%
Châu Đại
Dương
2%
Châu Mỹ
11%
Châu Âu
23%
Châu Á
45%
Some comparative statistics between Vietnam and
other ASEAN countries
Vietnam and ASEAN: Agricultural export volume and
Agricultural export volume per head of some ASEAN
countries in 2002
1200
kim ngạch/người (USD/người/năm)
Malaixia
1000
800
600
400
Thái Lan
200
Philippin
Việt Nam
Inđônêxia
0
0
5000
10000
Kim ngạch (triệ u USD)
15000
20000
Competitiveness of some agricultural products of
Vietnam: Rice
• Rice production cost of Vietnam is lowest in
Southeast Asia (labor cost is equal to 1/3 of
Thailand’s)
• Vietnam ranks the second rice exporter in the world
(accounting for 13 – 14% of total rice export of the
world)
• However, it is a strong competitive market
Competitiveness of rice product
Advantages
• Low production cost in Mekong River Delta
• High productivity
• Favorable natural conditions
• Many experiences of rice production
• Abundant labor
• Preferential policies of the Government
Disadvantages
Opportunities
Challenges
•New technologies
•Expanded market as a result of the economic
integration
•Government’s preferential policies of
investment aimed at improving technologies,
varieties and research
•Farmers’ profits is lower
•Competition from big exporters such as Thailand
and India
•Competition from potential exporters like
Cambodia and Myanmar
•Competition from products which may bring
about higher profit
•Increase of input price
•Productivity is increasing up the ceiling
•Government’s priority policies of
development post-harvest and processed
technologies, and trade in services
•Developed enterprises
• Fragmented and small –scale farming
• High post-harvest loss
• Ineffective marketing
• Low-level facilities and other infrastructures
(unloading means)
• No brand names of export rice
Competitiveness of some agricultural products of
Vietnam: Breeding
• Breeding sector is growing stably, growth rate is 5.27%/year,
which is higher than plantation.
• Breeding productivity of Vietnam is very low compared with the
world. Small-scale breeding, bad cross-bred varieties, weak
breeding technologies.
• Average end-weight of pigs is more than 70kg (6-8 months) in
compared with 100-120kg (5-6 months) in the world.
Competitiveness of breeding products
Advantages
•Abundant rural labor
•Breeding experiences
•Government’s preferential policies
Opportunities
•Increased income brings about increase
in demand
• A habit of consuming fresh meat and
local varieties
• Development of planting foodstuff
•Geographical closeness with large
countries
•Increase in domestic consumption
•Government’s support
• Foodstuff price is lower by integration
Disadvantages
•Low export market share
•High production cost
•Small-scale production
•Low profits for producers
•Low productivity
• Weak animal sanitary, loss by diseases
•Shortage of advanced processed
machines
•Ineffective marketing
• No SPS Agreements with many countries
Challenges
• Intensive competition from both inside and
outside of the country: milk, poultry and
bovine products
•Complicated diseases
Competitiveness of some agricultural products of
Vietnam: Tea
• Vietnam’s tea accounts for 4.6% of the world
production, low productivity.
• Export volume is small, accounting for 2,6% export
volume in the world.
• Vietnam has not got tea brand names
Competitiveness of tea product
Advantages
Favorable climate conditions
Many experiences
Product diversification
Development of private enterprises in export
Vietnamese people’s habit of tea drinking
Foreign companies and join-ventures
development
Disadvantages
Weak irrigation, old varieties, low
productivities
Low prices of primary exported tea
No tea brand names
Dependence on some large markets
Manually procession
Unstable quality of exported tea
Opportunities
Expanded domestic and global market
Product diversification
Rapid reform of enterprises
Challenges
Using much fertilizer and pesticide
Unstable markets for export
High-level competition
Diversification of the drinking market
Competitiveness of some agricultural products of
Vietnam: Pepper
• Pepper production is almost for export purpose,
high competitiveness (one of six products which has
export value more than 100 millions USD/year).
• Favorable natural advantage and multi-crops
practice, productivity is higher than this of other
export countries.
Enhancement competitiveness of Vietnam’s
agricultural products
• To improve investment in research, application science and technology
• To speed up technology transfer
• To improve services (plantation protection, veterinary, variety production,
technology standards, quality standard control)
• To apply international and regional standards
• To implement building infrastructure for production (irrigation,
electricity…)
• To implement building infrastructure for marketing (road, storehouse…)
• To reform enterprises, improve business capabilities
Enhancement competitiveness of
Vietnam’s agricultural products
• To improve trade promotion
• To increase vertical integration
• To attract and encourage investment in
agriculture and rural area (concentrate on
processed industry)
• To develop the role of community in
management natural resources and rural
development