Transcript Weighted Frequency of Strikes, Canada, 1901-98

SOC101Y
Introduction to Sociology
Professor Adam Green
Lecture #18
Globalization
13 March 13
Non-conventional Political Action,
Canada, 1981-2006
(percent “done” and “might”)
Percent
Statistically significant increase
Relative Deprivation Theory
Rewards
Rewards expected
Intolerable gap
Rewards received
People feel relatively deprived when they experience an intolerable gap between the social rewards they
think they deserve and the social rewards they expect to receive. Social rewards are widely valued
goods, including money, education, security, prestige, etc. Accordingly, people are most likely to rebel
against authority when rising expectations (brought on by, say, rapid economic growth and migration) are
met by a sudden decline in social rewards (due to, say, economic recession or war).
Time
Resource Mobilization Theory
Resource mobilization theory is based on
the idea that social movements can emerge
only when disadvantaged people can marshal
the means necessary to challenge authority.
Foremost among the resources they need to
challenge authority is the capacity to forge
strong social ties among themselves. Other
important resources that allow disadvantaged
people to challenge authority include jobs,
money, arms, and access to means of
spreading their ideas.
Strikes/100,000 non-agricultural workers
Weighted Frequency of Strikes,
Canada, 1946-2008
1946
1974
Year
2008
Percent of Non-Agricultural Workers
Unionized, Canada and USA,
1925-2009
Percent unionized
Canada
USA
Year
Indicators of Globalization,
1981/2 - 2007/9
1981/2 2007/9
International tourist
arrivals (millions of people)
Foreign direct investment
(billions of dollars)
Internet hosts (millions)
Number of international
organizations (thousands)
%Δ
277
924
233
59
1,538
2,507
213 681 m.
319 m.
14.3
63.9
347
Transnational Corporations
Transnational corporations – also called
multinational or international corporations –
are the most important agents of globalization
in the world today. They are giant companies
that depend increasingly on foreign labour, sell
on world markets, operate with considerable
autonomy from national governments, and
depend for growth of on new management
skills, design innovations, and massive
advertising campaigns.
The Size and Influence of the
United States Economy
Turkey (WA)
Morroco (ME)
Tunisia (MT)
Dominican Republic (VT)
Ecuador (ND)
Bangladesh (NH)
Norw ay (MN)
Israel (OR)
Belgium (MA)
South Africa (WI)
Brazil (NY)
Vietnam (RI)
Argentina (MI)
Greece (CT)
Venezuela (IO)
Netherlands (PA) Russia (NJ)
This map will help you
Czech Republic (NB)
Australia (OH)
Romania (DE)
Ireland (NE)
Hong
Kong
(MD)
Denmark (IN)
New Zealand (DC) gauge the enormous
Mexico (IL)
Algeria (WV)
importance of the United
Finland (CO)
Peru (UT)
Austria (VA)
Malaysia (KA)
States in globalization
Portugal (KT)
Poland (MO)i
France (CA)
Sw eden (NC)
because it emphasizes just
Saudi Arabia (TN)
Phillipines (OK)
how big the U.S. economy
Singapore (SC)
Thailand (AZ)
Pakistan (AK)
is. The economy of each
Hungary (NM)
Iran (AL)
Sw itzerland (GA)
U.S. state is as big as that
Chile (MI)
Ukraine (ID)
Croatia (SD)
Uzbekistan (WY)
Canada (TX)
Indonesia (LA)
South Korea (FL)
Belarus (AK)
Nigeria (HI)
of a whole country.
Specifically, this map
shows how the GDP of
various countries
compares to that of each
state. For example, the
GDP of California is equal
to that of France, the GDP
of New Jersey is equal to
that of Russia, and the
GDP of Texas is equal to
that of Canada.
McDonaldization, Glocalization,
and Regionalization
 McDonaldization is the process by which the
principles of the fast-food restaurant – efficiency,
calculability, and predictability – are coming to
dominate the world. McDonaldization extends
Weber’s concept of rationalization, the application
of the most efficient means to achieve given ends.
 Glocalization refers to the simultaneous
homogenization of some aspects of life and the
strengthening of some local differences under the
impact of globalization.
 Regionalization refers to the division of the
world into different and often competing
economic, political, and cultural areas
The Regionalization of World Trade
This graphic illustrates
the network of world
trade in 1992. The
thickness of lines shows
the volume of trade
between countries.
Colors distinguish
regional trading blocs.
Note that most world
trade took place within
regional trading
blocs, with the United
States, Germany, and
Japan at the center
of each of the three
main blocs. (Note: The
graphic does not include
China, which has
become the centre
of a fourth trading bloc
since the early 90s.)
Neoliberal Globalization
Neoliberal globalization is a policy that
promotes private control of industry,
minimal government interference in the
running of the economy, the removal of
taxes, tariffs, and restrictive regulations
that discourage the international buying
and selling of goods and services, and the
encouragement of foreign investment.
Aid to Developing Countries as a
Percentage of Gross Domestic
Product, OECD Countries, 2009
Aid as
percentage
of GDP
Level recommended by United Nations
5 countries
above line
20 countries
below line
Towards Democratic Globalization
 Increase foreign aid to level
recommended by UN
 Cancel poor countries’ debt.
 Eliminate tariff barriers in rich
countries.
 Support democracy in the
developing world.