Transcript acquis www.cgoa.cz EFG 2007 12.-13.9.2007

Energy savings in the new EU Member States:
The Czech experience
Miloš KEBRDLE
Secretary General
CZECH GAS ASSOCIATION
E-mail: [email protected]
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
www.cgoa.cz
Economic changes in the energy
sector between 1990 and 2007
1990 – 1993
Phase One – changes started
 Transition of the country’s economy to a market
economy
 The country’s currency, CZK, became freely
convertible
 Partial deregulation of prices
 1993: Czechoslovak federation split
to form the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
-2-
www.cgoa.cz
Economic changes in the energy
sector between 1990 and 2007
1994 – 2002 Phase Two – changes carried out
 Public limited companies emerged in the gas industry
 Governmental subsidies to support capital investment projects





for bringing natural gas to municipalities
Energy prices gradually rising
Full application of market economy principles in the gas
industry
Elimination of cross subsidies (household prices subsidised at
the expense of prices to the industrial and commercial
sectors)
Privatisation of gas companies started (1995) and completed
(2002)
Legislative changes – a new Energy Act, harmonisation of
legislation with the EU’s acquis
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
-3-
www.cgoa.cz
Economic changes in the energy
sector between 1990 and 2007
2003 - 2007
Phase Three – changes stabilised
 Full application of the EU legislation in the energy
sector, accession to the EU
 Fully-fledged operation of the Energy Regulatory Office
 Preparations for, and opening of, a liberalised gas
market
 Economic relationships in the gas industry are fully
comparable with those in the other EU Member States
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
-4-
www.cgoa.cz
Energy Balance
2 000.0
1 800.0
1 600.0
1 400.0
PJ
1 200.0
1 000.0
800.0
600.0
400.0
200.0
0.0
1995
1996
1997
1998
solid fuels
primary heat and electricity
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
1999
2000
2001
2002
liquid fuels
total final consumption
-5-
2003
2004
2005
gaseous fuels
www.cgoa.cz
Fuel transformation
800.0
700.0
600.0
PJ
500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
1995
1996
1997
1998
Production and treatment of fuels
Electricity generation
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Fuel preparation
Heat production
Energy distribution and fuel transport
-6-
www.cgoa.cz
3 500.0
112.0
3 000.0
110.0
2 500.0
108.0
2 000.0
106.0
1 500.0
104.0
1 000.0
102.0
500.0
100.0
0.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
GDP (current prices)
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
%
CZKbn
Development of the GDP
98.0
GDP (constant prices, previous year = 100)
-7-
www.cgoa.cz
Energy intensity of GDP creation
PJ fuels and energy/CZKbn GDP
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1995
EFG 2007
1996
12.-13.9.2007
1997
1998
1999
-8-
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
www.cgoa.cz
Reducing the energy intensity
of GDP creation
 Gas price hikes have resulted in a more economical




behaviour of consumers in all sectors of the
economy
Technological changes in industry in favour of less
energy intensive processes
Change in households’ behaviour
Investments in energy savings have become more
effective
Preference for energies with a higher efficiency
of energy transformation (the share of gas has
grown, the share of solid fuels has decreased)
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
-9-
www.cgoa.cz
Energy intensity – the energy sector
10
1.8
1.6
9.9
1.4
9.8
1.2
1
9.7
0.8
9.6
0.6
0.4
9.5
0.2
9.4
0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Electricity using steam from fuels [GJ/MWh]
Heat from heat & power plants [GJ/GJ]
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 10 -
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Hard coal, run-of-mine output [GJ/tonne]
Oil production [GJ/tonne]
www.cgoa.cz
Energy intensity – the chemical industry
70
60
GJ/t
50
40
30
20
10
0
1994
ammonia
EFG 2007
1995
1996
ethylene
12.-13.9.2007
1997
1998
1999
2000
polyethylene and copolymers
- 11 -
2001
2002
2003
2004
polystyrene and copolymers
www.cgoa.cz
Energy intensity – the food industry
15
GJ/unit
12
9
6
3
0
1994
1995
1996
malt
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
1997
1998
refined sugar
- 12 -
1999
2000
2001
meat products
2002
2003
2004
beer
www.cgoa.cz
Fuel consumption – heat production
1995
2004
gaseous fuels
19.3%
gaseous fuels
29.8%
liquid
fuels
10.2%
liquid fuels
5.7%
solid fuels
70.5%
Total consumption: 78,803 TJ
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 13 -
solid fuels
64.5%
Total consumption: 50,510 TJ
www.cgoa.cz
Pattern of fuels – the food industry
1995
electricity
14.0%
2004
liquid fuels
16.5%
electricity
19.7%
liquid fuels
20.3%
solid fuels
11.1%
gaseous fuels
39.9%
solid fuels
29.7%
Total consumption: 36,407 TJ
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 14 -
gaseous fuels
48.9%
Total consumption: 28,595 TJ
www.cgoa.cz
Pattern of fuels – the chemical industry
1995
electricity
17.9%
2004
liquid fuels
6.9%
gaseous fuels
27.1%
solid fuels
48.1%
electricity
18.2%
gaseous fuels
21.7%
Total consumption: 38,768 TJ
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
liquid fuels
10.9%
solid fuels
49.2%
Total consumption: 76,566 TJ
- 15 -
www.cgoa.cz
Changes in the household sector
between 1995 and 2005






Gas price up by 230%
Investments in heat loss reduction in residential buildings
Indoor temperature of heated space lower by
approximately 3°C
Better availability of more efficient appliances
Space not occupied permanently no longer heated to the
usual temperature (only heated to the necessary
minimum)
Gas consumption in a standard (average) household
(detached house) decreased annually by about 2.5% from
1995 to 2005
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 16 -
www.cgoa.cz
0
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 17 -
up to 250
up to 240
up to 230
up to 220
up to 210
up to 200
1998
up to 190
7000
up to 180
up to 170
up to 160
up to 150
up to 140
up to 130
8000
up to 120
up to 110
up to 100
up to 90
up to 80
up to 70
up to 60
up to 50
up to 40
up to 30
up to 20
up to 10
0
number of customers
Number of STP’s customers taking
up to 250 cu m/year
9000
Overall no. of customers did not change
over the period under review
2001
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
consumption (cu m/yr)
www.cgoa.cz
0
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 18 -
up to 6500
up to 6250
up to 6000
up to 5750
up to 5500
up to 5250
up to 5000
1998
up to 4750
up to 4500
up to 4250
up to 4000
up to 3750
8000
up to 3500
up to 3250
up to 3000
up to 2750
up to 2500
up to 2250
up to 2000
up to 1750
up to 1500
up to 1250
up to 1000
up to 750
up to 500
number of customers
Number of STP’s customers taking
500 to 6,500 cu m/year
9000
No. of customers went up by one-third
over the period under review
7000
2001
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
consumption (cu m/yr)
www.cgoa.cz
0
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 19 -
up to 5700
95-96
up to 5300
up to 4900
up to 4500
up to 4100
up to 3700
up to 3300
up to 2900
up to 2500
up to 2100
up to 1700
up to 1300
up to 900
up to 500
up to 100
mcm/yr
Household category’s consumption
at JMP – by bands
30
03-04
25
20
15
10
5
www.cgoa.cz
3600
10
3500
9
3400
8
3300
7
3200
6
3100
5
3000
4
2900
3
2800
2
2700
1
2600
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
households‘ average consumption (sample 1)
average price for households
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
- 20 -
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
CZK/cu m
cu m/yr
Households’ average consumption
adjusted to average ambient temperature
0
Households‘ average consumption (sample 2)
www.cgoa.cz
Boiler sales, households
160 000
16
140 000
14
120 000
12
100 000
10
80 000
8
60 000
6
40 000
4
20 000
2
0
0
1995
1996
1997
Increase, households
EFG 2007
12.-13.9.2007
1998
1999
2000
Minimum replacement
- 21 -
2001
2002
2003
2004
%
2005
Per cent of heating system replacement
www.cgoa.cz