Transcript Collective Action and Financial Reporting under Convention on

Collective Action and Financial Reporting
under Convention on Biological Diversity
Technical Support for Implementation Division
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
Outline of the Presentation
• Mandate of the financial reporting
• Importance of collective action for resource
mobilization
• Methodologies for reporting on contribution
of collective action of indigenous peoples and
local communities
Mandate of Financial Reporting
Decision XII/3
•Adoption of the revised Financial Reporting
Framework (para. 24);
•Parties and other Governments to report by
31 December 2015 (para. 25)
Structure of the Financial
Reporting Framework
1. International financial resource flows
2. Inclusion of biodiversity in national priorities or
development plans and financial provisions
3. Value assessment
4. Domestic biodiversity expenditures
5. Funding needs, gaps and priorities
6. National financial plans
7. Measures to encourage the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, foundations and
academia
From XII/3. Resource mobilization
29. Recognizes, in the financial reporting framework, the role of collective action, including by
indigenous and local communities, and non-market-based approaches for mobilizing resources for
achieving the objectives of the Convention, …;
30. Takes note of the report “Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Evaluating the
Contribution of Collective Action to Biodiversity Conservation” and its summary, and invites
Parties, other Governments, and relevant stakeholder organizations to consider the following steps
for its further development:
(a) To evaluate the contribution of collective action to biodiversity conservation and resource
mobilization, including by establishing pilot projects, making use of, and further developing, as
appropriate, the “Conceptual and Methodological Framework for Evaluating the Contribution of
Collective Action to Biodiversity Conservation” , and other experiences;
(b) To provide, within available resources, financial and technical assistance to developing country
Parties and Parties with economies in transition for undertaking activities referred to in
subparagraph (a) above;
(c) To provide, through the Financial Reporting Framework and other means, information on the
contribution of collective action to biodiversity conservation, including on experiences and
lessons learned in applying pertinent methodologies;
31. Requests the Executive Secretary, subject to the availability of resources, to facilitate the
exchange of views and experiences on collective action of indigenous and local communities as
referred to in paragraph 30 (c) above, and make this information available through the clearing
house mechanism of the Convention and to the Subsidiary Body for Implementation at its first
meeting for its consideration for update and provision of relevant guidelines;
4. Domestic biodiversity
expenditures
Collective action of indigenous
and local communities
Evolving perspectives on IPLCs
• 1960s: early pessimism about community action
(Hardin, 1968)
• 1990s: idealistic view of community-based
conservation initiatives. Many anti-desertification
policies tried in the Sahel in 1970s and 1980s
failed
• 2000s: community-based management regimes
may be appropriate in some circumstances, but
not in others
Collective action of indigenous
and local communities
• UNEP/CBD/COP/12/13/ADD5/REV1: Report on
Activities on Collective Actions and Non-MarketBased Approaches for Resource Mobilization
• Communities - not simply homogenous groups
that work harmoniously to promote group
objectives. More accurately seen as complex and
dynamic institutions that are often characterized
by internal differences and processes
• Majority of seeds used are from local crop
diversity or from seed saved from earlier
purchases
– Morocco: less than 13% of durum wheat seed and
2.5% of food legumes, from the formal sector
– Nepal: less than 3% of rice
– Burkina Faso: less than 5% of sorghum
• Community-based natural resource
management: 43.9% of dryland protected
areas
Recreation and Tourism
• About 30% of travel and tourism revenues are
related to cultural and ecotourism. Global
travel and tourism:
• 11% of global GDP
• 200 million people or 7.6 % of total jobs
• nearly 700 million international travelers per
year
• 36% of trade in commercial services in
industrial economies and 66% in developing
economies;
GEF – Co-financing
Rationale underlying the
Convention
Historic arguments
New studies
Rationale underlying the
Convention
Kubiszewski, Ida, Robert Costanzaa, Lham
Dorjib, Philip Thoennesc, Kuenga Tsheringb
(2013). An initial estimate of the value of
ecosystem services in Bhutan, Ecosystem
Services, Volume 3, March 2013, Pages e11–e21
Rationale underlying the
Convention
• Value of ecosystem services in Bhutan: $15.5
billion/yr, vs GDP of $3.5 billion/yr
• 53% of the total benefits accrue to people
outside Bhutan
• 47% to people inside the country: 15 % at the
national level, and 32% at the local level
Calls for valuation
Payment for ecosystem services
Biodiversity offsetting
Green markets etc..
Economic values
• Kenya: Local councils oversee the Masai Mara
National Reserve, local communities were
entitled to 19% of reserve revenues, but
received little or no money since the mid1990s
• Cameroon: Mining concessions by foreign
companies
• Ethiopia: Micro dams to increase the
availability of water for irrigation, / incidence
of malaria seven times higher
Future: transparency and
accessibility of information
• Develop options for strengthening systems of
information on biodiversity-related
international financial resource flows to
developing countries, as well as on domestic
resource flows, with a view to further
increasing transparency and accessibility of
information
Thank You
Secretariat of the
Convention on Biological Diversity
World Trade Centre
413 St. Jacques street, Suite 800
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9
Tel. 1 (514) 288 2220
[email protected]
www.cbd.int