Transcript impact of hiv/aids on development

IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON
DEVELOPMENT
EVOLUTION OF HIV/AIDS
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Incidence of the disease adding to the disease
burden measure.
Sero- prevalence found in the 1986 (eg
Gambia)
A slow declining rate of the prevalence
experienced in the country.
Prevalence is at 1.2% (nomial
trems1.2/100*1,300,000)people a national
problem.
Silent epidemic or cold war against the homosapen-sapen.
DEMOGRAPHIC EFEECTS
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High population growth is problem
• Due to high fertility rate
• Rapid urbanization
• Population dynamics has implication of
• Size
• Structure
• Distribution
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High prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS can be
a factor to high infective rate
Demography cont.
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With high infective rate
• Life expectancy become shorter
• The population distribution become spars
• More active segment of the society is
gradually lost etc.
Definition of Development
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Development is about change growing through
changes in total productivity
It can also be regarded as enhancing basic
human capacity and freedom
Or development can be look at as participation
in government, or belonging to a nation that is
thoroughly independent.
Attainment of high level of literacy is also
measured as development etc.
PARAMETERS OF DEVELOPMENT
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Economic
Impact On Household
Agricultural Production
Business Sector
Education
Health
IMPACT ON:
 Economic
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AIDS epidemic has the greatest impact
on the most productive :thus
• The spread of the disease having devastating
effect at the household
• Community
• Sectoral level
• Significant negative consequence for the national
economy.
Impact Cont.
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Macro economy
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This is measured by the % change in GNP growth over time, as
a result of HIV/AIDS:
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Thus the question:
How much lower the national income is growing because of HIV/AIDS
as opposed to situation in which there is no HIV/AIDS
Recent studies has shown that HIV/AIDS economic development
through
It’s impact on key determinants
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Long- term growth
Macro economic policy
Societal Institutions
Human Capital
Investment
Social Capital
Impact Cont.
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Impact On Household
Is calculated as the reduction in
household saving and wealth or AIDS
related expenditures as a % of
household income.
Limited data is available in most African
countries.
Impact Cont.
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AIDS on Agricultural Production
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Agric. Production is express as a% change in production.
This impact is felt through:
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Fall in labour productivity
Reduction in income which in turn can cut crop yields and agricultural
output.
The changes may be in two folds
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Smallholder farming
Commercial farms
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E.g. in Africa, depend on smallholder agriculture sector for their livelihood,
Thus; observed negative impact on HIV/AIDS WILL EVENTUALLY
DOWN PLAY FOOD SECURITY
It will also undermine economic basis of a country and thus retard
development
Impact Cont.
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Business Sector
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Is measured in the profile of a % change in the
enterprise profit or as an increase in cost to
firm
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A number of studies have examined the cost of AIDS
and in terms of
Higher absenteeism
Increased payments for medical care and funerals
Cost on worker replacement and training.
Impact Cont.
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Education
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Is portrayed in terms of a reduction in school
enrolment as a result of
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Infant and child death
Decreased fertility
In terms of # of teachers ill or dying of AIDS
Or mortality rate amongst education professional
Thus this have direct effect on national development.
Impact Cont.
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Health
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Hospital bed occupancies is high
Public Health spending to AIDS
prevention and care is increased
Low standard of care due to lack of skill
staff
Fund to be used for other developmental
purposed will be utilized to care PLWHA
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POVERTY AND HEALTHCARE
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Hence poverty implies deprivation or human
needs that are not met .It is generally
understood to arise from lack of income or
assets. This may be :
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Absolute or Relative
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The absolute poverty line remains and seeks to identify people who are destitute for instance lack of an
income or assets base and the access to social services that mean that individuals or household
cannot obtain sufficient food to eat, shelter and health care.
Relative
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This define the minimum ‘basket’ of goods and services
about which there is some agreement within a society that all
citizens should have. People are relatively deprived if they
cannot obtain the condition of life,that is the
diet ,amenities ,standards and services which allow them to
play their roles.