Transcript The Industrial Age - Team 9 Titans Lincoln Middle School

The Industrial Age
Chapter 5
Economy
 a system of production, distribution, &
consumption of goods and services
Capitalism
 an economic system based on private ownership
Tycoon
 A powerful businessman
GDP
► Gross
(amount) Domestic (home) Product
► Total value of goods produced in a country
every year
GDP
00
►$14,260,000,000,000.
union
► An
organization of workers who represent
them to improve working conditions
industries
►a
type of business
Today’s American Economy
Today’s American Economy
► The
U.S. is the largest economy in the world
► Capitalism - private ownership of capital
► GDP $14.26 trillion
► Population of 307 million (estimate)
► 154.4 million workers
► Median Household Income $50,000 ($12 hour x 2)
► Major Industries farming, manufacturing, healthcare
► Oil Consumption 19.5 million barrels a day (1 b gall)
► 12% of Americans live in poverty
► Largest





“States” by economy:
California (8)
Texas (13)
New York (14)
Florida (20)
Illinois (21)
17941877
The Breakers in Newport, RI
►i
The
Biltmore
in NC
I. Railroads
► A.
Railroad Expansion
 1. New Technology
► a.
Steam Engine Locomotive (p113)
► b. iron track - standard gauge (4ft 8.5in width)
► c. air brakes
► d. couplers
► e. refrigerated cars
► f. sleeping car
 2. More and more track… (NOT TODAY!)
► 1860
= 30,000 miles of track
► 1900 = 193,000 miles “ “
► 2010 = 122,000 miles
 3. Purpose of Trains:
► a.
► b.
Distribution
 move goods around the nation
 move goods to ports such as NYC to ship to the world.
Civil War – move troops and supplies rapidly
► Why
is new technology important in an industry?
► Why
is there less track today?
B. Railroad Barons
► Powerful
businessmen (tycoons) who consolidated
control of railroads in their region
 1. Fierce Competition between companies
►Larger
companies attempted to put smaller companies
out of business by offering rebates (lower prices)
 2. Famous Railroad Robber Barons
►a.. Cornelius Vanderbilt- Controls NYC to Great
Lakes RR
►b. James J Hill - Controls Great Northern Route
(Minn. to Washington State)
 3. Few laws control their business activity
(no government regulation)
 4. Monopoly
control all the tracks and you control the price
►Railroad Barons made secret deals called pools that
divided business and set price
►
How do we set the time?
Who has the power to set time?
► Railroad
Barons and Sir Sandford Fleming in 1884
Prime Meridian
► Time
Zones in United States
► C.
Economy Grows
 1. Transportation improves with RR
► raw
materials (iron, coal, timber) shipped to factories
 2. Demand for iron/steel and lumber
► Railroads
need materials to build more track
► Factories produce steel
 3. Jobs
► Thousands
► D.
of jobs created in railroad
Time Zones
 4 major time zones created to help schedule trains (p144)
Why is communication important?
II. Inventions
► A.
Communication
 Improvements in making far away places closer
1. Telegraph
► a.
► b.
Samuel Morse
 1844 telegraph & “Morse Code” invented (… -- 1860 thousands of miles of telegraph wires
…)
Transatlantic telegraph
 1866 Cyrus Field linked the U.S. & Europe by a telegraph cable on the
Atlantic Ocean floor
2. Telephone
► Alexander
Graham Bell
 1876 created the phone that transmitted speech
 “Mr. Watson, come here. I want you!”
 1877 Bell Telephone Company created (AT&T)
3. Steps till modern today…
► (radio,
wireless phones, cell phones, smart phones, texting etc…)
Why is transportation important?
►B. Transportation
The inventions allowed great distances to be covered in less time.
1. Railroad
►
1814 George Stephenson invented the first steam locomotive in England
►
1869 Transcontinental RR finished
2. Steamships
1836 first steamship The Great Western crosses the Atlantic by British
► 1862 Battle of the Ironclads in the Civil War
►
3. Automobile
►
►
Several Europeans develop the “first” car
1903 Henry Ford establish his company
 1908 Model T introduced
 Assembly line & mass production
 15 million Model Ts sold in 18 years (all black)
4. Airplane
►
►
1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright develop first “airplane” at Kitty Hawk,
NC
1911 Military uses for airplane developed
5. Steps to the modern day?
► C.
Thomas Edison (Wizard of Menlo Park)
“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninetynine percent perspiration.”
“Anything that won't sell, I don't want to
invent. Its sale is proof of utility, and utility is
success.”
- Workshop opens in NJ enters “invention business”
►1876-1877 - telephone transmitter (improves
communication)
►1877 - phonograph (record player)
►1879 - Electric light bulb
►1882 - Electric Power plants
►1876
(connects 85 buildings in NYC for using the lightbulb)
►1888-1891
- motion picture projector (movies)
►1900-1910 - Storage battery
III. Big Business
► A.
Factors of Production
 resources needed for industrial production
►1.
Land – farmland, mines, forests, etc…
►2. Labor – workers
►3. Capital – money to buy machines, tools, buildings,
communication & transportation networks
 The U.S. had an abundance of all the factors in
the 19th Century
 The rise of the corporation (type of company)
that sells stocks to raise capital
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2007/11/06/
business/20071107_WINNERSLOSERS_GRAPHIC.
html#
► B.
Oil
 1. In the late 19th C., used to light and heat homes
 2. Edwin Drake discovers oil in Pennsylvania in 1859
and an “oil rush” begins
 3. John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937)
► a.
most famous “oil man” who is richest American in history
► b. forms Standard Oil in 1870
► c. in 1882, forms a trust that is a group of companies that formed a
monopoly in the oild business
► d. used horizontal integration (p156 see chart)
Rockefeller
Standard Oil
C. Steel
 1. Bessemer Process & open hearth process – two new
methods for making steel more cheaply and in large
quantities
 2. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919)
► a.
built a steel plant near Pittsburgh, PA
► b. used vertical integration to expand his business: (see p156)
 bought iron and coal mines
 built warehouses, ships and factories
 gained control of railroads
► c.
Carnegie Steel Corp made 1/3 of all steel in U.S.
► d. sold his business to U.S. Steel in 1901 and made hundreds of millions
Captains of Industry
(Andrew Carnegie in middle)
Robber Barons
► D.
Captains of Industry or Robber Barons
 1. huge wealth in hands of a few people
 2. built successful businesses that employed
millions of Americans
 3. unfair business practices – consolidation,
pools, trusts, monopolies, strike
breakers, and corruption (bribes)
 4. working conditions for employees
 5. philanthropy – donated millions to charities
► A.





IV. Industrial Workers
Working Conditions (sweatshops)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
long hours (6 days week, 10-12 hour days)
unsafe equipment
unhealthy air
no job security
children and women paid less than men
► B.
Growth of Labor Unions
 Organization of workers that wanted improved working
conditions such as an 8 hour work day, weekend off and
safe conditions
 1. trade unions – represents skilled workers
such as carpenters or plumbers
 2. American Federation of Labor (AFL)
► formed
in 1881 to represent skilled workers in many crafts
► Samuel Gompers led AFL and used collective bargaining to improve
conditions
► Strikes and Picket Lines used to protest
► 1904 1.6 million workers have joined
(today 11.5 million members)
► C.
Labor Leaders
 1. Samuel Gompers
– created AFL in 1881
 2. Mary Harris Jones
-
woman leader who helps organize
unions for miners
 3. Eugene Debs
- leader of union during Pullman Strike
in Chicago in 1894
► D.
Labor vs Big Business
 During economic depressions of 1870s and 1890s, many
companies cut wages
 Unions respond with strikes:
► 1877
– railroad workers on strike
 strike breakers hired and workers destroy tracks
► 1886
– Haymarket Square, Chicago
 strike at McCormick Harvest Company and police sent in to end strike,
bomb is thrown and many are killed in violence
► 1892
– Homestead Strike, Pennsylvania
 Strike at Carnegies Steel Company and 300 guards hired to end picket
line, violence leads to 10 deaths
► 1894
– Pullman Strike, Chicago
 A general strike is ordered end by injunction of federal court, Eugene
Debs is arrested, and federal troops sent in to end stirke
Lesson Plan
► http://www.icsd.k12.ny.us/legacy/acs/library
/ushistory/laborwebquest/index.html