Transcript Slide 1

BRAZIL
Federative Republic of Brazil
BRAZIL
Where is Brazil?
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Located in northeastern South America
3,287,350 sq. mi and borders the Atlantic Ocean
5th largest country in the world
Spans four time zones, the westernmost is the
same as Eastern Standard Time in the US
BRAZIL
General Geography
• Highest point: Pico da Neblina at
9,823 ft, and the lowest point is at
sea level.
• Shares 9,824 miles of borders
with Uruguay, Argentina,
Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru,
Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana,
Suriname, and French Guiana.
• Does not border Ecuador or Chile
BRAZIL
Geography (cont.)
• Brazil possesses the archipelago of
Fernando de Noronha, located 220 miles
northeast of its “horn”
BRAZIL
Mountains and Coast
• Serra do Mar mountain range on the Atlantic
coast
• Serra do Espinhaço Range, the largest in area
• The highest traverse the northern border with
the Guianas and Venezuela.
• The coastal zone is
noted for 3670
miles of tropical
beaches
interspersed with
mangroves,
lagoons, dunes,
and coral reefs
BRAZIL
River System
• One of the world's most extensive river systems
• 8 drainage basins into the Atlantic
• More than half of the total drainage area is
accounted by the Amazon and TocantinsAraguaia
• Amazon stretches across 45.7% of the country
from the Andes and to the Atlantic
• Amazon contains 1/5
of the worlds fresh water
BRAZIL
Rivers (cont.)
• Major river system in the NE is the Rio
Sao Francisco which is about 1000 miles
and flows from the south central area to
the Northeast
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Rivers
• The Paraná flows south into the Río de la
Plata Basin.
• The Paraná reaches the Atlantic between
Argentina and Uruguay.
• Largest contiguous wetlands in the world,
covering ( 230,000 square kilometers) are
located here and called the Pantanal
BRAZIL
Rivers as Transportation
• Tributaries of the Amazon are navigable.
– upstream vessels encounter rapids and waterfalls,
sandbars, trees, and other obstacles
– Oceangoing vessels can travel as far as 2,430 miles
upstream, reaching Iquitos in Peru
– The Amazon river system was the principal means of
access until new roads became more important in the
1970s.
• The São Francisco was also used for transportation
• Dams and locks in the Paraná system made it an
important artery for interstate and international
trade in the 1990s.
BRAZIL
The Rainforest
• The Tropical soils of Brazil are
resposible for producing
approximately 70 million tons
of grain plants every year
• The Deeper into the rain forest
you go the worse the fertility of
the land due to insufficient
sunlight and water
BRAZIL
BRAZIL
Deforestation
• Deforestation of the Amazon has been
primarily for logging and not for clearing farm
land
• There are many more varieties of marketable
woods so deforestation had
been quite lucrative
• About 16% of the Amazon
has been cleared
BRAZIL
Climate
• 90% is within the tropical zone
• Near the equator there is very little variation in
temerature thoughout the seasons
• To the south there is frost in the winter
• In the north they have extreme temperatures
reaching above 40° C during the summer.
• There is about 1,000 to 1,500 millimeters of rain
per year mostly between December and April
• Some areas of the Amazon reach over 3,000
millimeters of rainfall in one year.
BRAZIL
Map of Temperature and Precipitation
BRAZIL
Geographic Regions
• 26 States and the Federal District
• 5 regions:
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North
Northeast
Southeast
South
Center west.
• States are broken down further into
municipalities (similar to counties in the US)
BRAZIL
Brazil’s Regions
BRAZIL
The “Native” People of Brazil
• The Siberian Ice Age Hypothesis
– Native American peoples descended from migrant
peoples from North Asia who entered America
across the Bering Strait in at least three separate
waves.
• The American Aborigines hypothesis
– Some recent finds (notably the Luzia skeleton in
Lagoa Santa) are claimed to be distinct from the
Asian genotype and are more
similar to African and
Australian Aborigines
BRAZIL
The Indigenous Population
• British historian John Hemming estimated
2,431,000 people for Brazil as a whole
• Many died as a result of European diseases
• Four “families” (based on language):
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Gê Speakers
Tupi Speakers
Carib Speakers
Arawak Speakers
• Indians viewed as slave labor
BRAZIL
The Colonial Era: 1500-1815
• 1500s, Cabral lands on the coast
• Only product was brazilwood
• Colonization was influenced by
the Catholic Church
• French began arriving in the 16th
century
• Dutch invaded Brazil & occupied
the sugarcane growing belt in the
NE from 1630-1654
• Gold and diamond mining
displaces sugar as major products
• Minas Conspiracy 1789
• Tiradentes plots independence
1792
BRAZIL
The Kingdom of Portugal and
Brazil: 1815-1821
• 1815 the crown declares Brazil a kingdom
equal to Portugal and João
• 1817 "Pernambuccan revolution" crushed
• Monarchy lasts another 67 years after
independence declared in 1822
BRAZIL
The Empire: 1822-1829
• September 7, 1822 Dom Pedro I declares
Brazil Independent
• Constitution of 1824 creates
three governmental powers-executive, legislative, and
judicial--and a fourth, the
moderating power
(Emperor)
• August 29, 1825 Britain and
Portugal recognize Brazilian
independence by signing a
treaty
BRAZIL
The Regency Era: 1831-1840
• turmoil as local factions struggled to gain control
• War of the Farrapos (ragamuffins), Balaiada Rebellion in
Maranhao in 1838-41, and the ones in Minas Gerais
and São Paulo in 1842, and other propelled by
antiregency and promonarchial sentiments
• 1834 Pedro dies, no more political glue to hold allies
together
• Military reorganizes under the leadership of
Luís Alves de Lima e Silva
• Vision of Brazil as a nation-state emerges
BRAZIL
The Second Empire: 1840-89
• 1850 British pressure forces Brazil to outlaw the
slave trade
• War of the Triple Alliance (1865-1870): Brazil,
Argentina, and Uruguay vs. Paraguay
• 1871 Children born to Brazilian slaves no longer
considered slaves
• 1888 Princess Isabel issues the
Golden Law that abolishes
slavery
BRAZIL
The Republican Era: 1889-1930
• 1889 Dom Pedro II is deposed and a provisional
republic headed by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca
is installed, central government controlled by
coffee interests.
• Constitution of 1891: United States of Brazil
restores autonomy to the states (26 states and
one federal district)
– Church and state are separated
– Republicans turn to positivism
– New Flag with motto “Order and
Progress”
• 1897 Canudos war in Bahia
BRAZIL
The Republican Era: 1889-1930
• Rubber boom lasts until 1912
• Dumont makes first registered flight in a
heavier than air machine in Paris in 1906
• Much immigration from Italy, Portugal,
Spain, Germany, and Japan between 1888
and 1928
• 1924 Army rebellion led by Luis Carlos
Prestes demanding social and
economic reform
BRAZIL
Getúlio Vargas: 1930-1945
• Revolution of 1930; Oct. 24 President
Washington Luis is ousted
• Constitution of 1934 shows direct
influence of Italian Fascism
• Vargas rules for 15 years as constitutional
president
• 1937 fascist “Estado Novo”
dictatorship under Vargas begins
BRAZIL
Modernization: 1945-1964
• 1945 Vargas deposed by a military coup
• Three dominant parties: Brazilian Labor Party,
Social Democratic Party, and National
Democratic Union General Eurico Gaspar
Dutra is elected president and serves from
1946 to 1951
• 1951 Vargas is President again
• Kubitschek President from 1956-1961
– 1960 New capital established at Brasilia
– Populism and economic nationalism are casualties
• 1964 military overthrows President Goulart
BRAZIL
The Military Regime: 1964-1985
• For the next 21 years, Brazil was ruled by
a succession of military government
– Medici Administration
– Geisel Administration
– Figueiredo Administration
• The country's economy
prospered, but constitutional
freedoms like free speech
suspended
BRAZIL
Democracy: 1985-1998
• Civilian government restored in 1985
with the election of Tancredo de
Almeida Neves
• 1988 New Federal Constitution enacted
• 1989 Collor de Mello elected
• Itamar Franco and the “Real Plan”
• Fernando Cardoso elected in
1994
BRAZIL
Luiz Ignacio Lula Da Silva
• First elected in 2003
• Brazil's first elected leftwing president
• Currently in run-off elections
BRAZIL
Population
• 188,078,227 people
• Most populous in all of Latin America
• 5th most populous country in the world
– 6th with inclusion of European Union
BRAZIL
Population by Religion
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Roman Catholic: 73.6%
Protestant: 15.4%
Spiritualist: 1.3%
Bantu/voodoo: 0.3%
Other/none: 9.4%
Roman Catholic
Protestant
Spiritualist
Bantu/voodoo
Other/none
BRAZIL
Population by Age Group
• 0-14 years : 25.8 %
• 15-64 years: 68.1%
• 65 years and older: 6.1%
BRAZIL
Population Growth
• Population Growth Rate: 1.04%
• Birth Rate: 16.56 births/1,000 population
• Death Rate: 6.17 deaths/1,000 population
• Infant Mortality Rate: 28.6 deaths/1,000
• Net Migration Rate: -0.03 migrants/1,000
BRAZIL
Population by Sex
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At Birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and older: 0.7 male(s)/female
• Total Population: 0.98 male(s)/female
BRAZIL
Population by Ethnicity
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White: 53.7%
Mulatto: 38.5%
Black: 6.2%
Other: 1.6%
White
• Largest Japanese population
outside Japan
– 1.5 million Japanese-Brazilians
• “Previous studies have claimed
that around 80% of Brazilians
possess African heritage”
Mulatto
Black
Other
BRAZIL
Racism
• Brazil was the largest single destination for
enslaved Africans
– Due to mining and sugar cane production
– Estimated 4 million slaves
• Approximately 35% of all slaves worldwide
BRAZIL
Racism (cont.)
• Illiteracy rate for Afro-Brazilians is 26 percent,
compared to 10 percent for whites
• A black man earns on average 48 percent less
than his white counterpart in the same job
– according to the Sao Paulo State Socio-Economic
Research Foundation
• In Congress, only 12 of the 513 members of the
Chamber of Deputies and two of the 81 senators
are of African ancestry
BRAZIL
HIV/AIDS
• Adult Prevalence Rate: 0.7%
– #63 of 168 countries
• People Living with AIDS: 660,000
– #15 of 164 countries
• Deaths (yearly): 15,000
– #32 of 148 countries
BRAZIL
HIV/AIDS (cont.)
• “Brazil has one of the world's best programs for
the prevention and treatment of AIDS”
– The world director of the United Nations Joint
Program for HIV/AIDS (Unaids): Peter Piot
• The Brazilian government spends US$ 229.6
million (R$ 700 million) annually on AIDS
treatment
• Condom consumption grew from 150 million in
1994 to over 600 million in 2003
BRAZIL
Music
• Samba-widely known as Brazilian’s
national musical style under the strong
influence of immigrant black people from
the Brazilian state of Bahia
• Bossa Nova- Brazilian music created by
Antonio Carlos Jobin and Joao Gilberto; it
derives form Samba but it is more
harmonically complex
BRAZIL
Music (Cont.)
• Axe- originated in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
which come from a ritual greeting that
means good vibration.
• Tropicalia- the cultural revolution that redefined Brazilian art, music and fashion in
the 1960s and beyond.
– Gilberto Gil
BRAZIL
Capoeira
• Brazilian martial art developed
initially by African slaves in
Brazil at the start of the colonial
period
– Done in a “roda” spectators
surrounding the people that are
performing, they interact by
clapping along with the beat and
sometimes even joining them.
There are two types of Capoeira
– Capoeira Angola
– Capoeira Regional
BRAZIL
Carnaval
• It is a traditional Festival that
takes place in Rio de Janeiro.
– even though there are many
other carnavals going on in
different cities with different
themes.
• 4-day celebration: It starts on
Saturday, and ends on Fat
Tuesday, Sunday is seven
weeks before Easter Sunday.
The dates change every year
but this year it was on Feb 25
through the 28.
BRAZIL
Carnaval (Cont.)
• The first records of Carnival
festivities in Rio de Janeiro
date back to 1723. Immigrants
from the Portuguese islands of
Açores, Madeira and Cabo
Verde introduced the Entrudo
• Every one can participate in
the carnival, but it was not
always this way. The Grandes
Sociedades or Great
Societies was a more
organized parade that debuted
in 1855, with the presence of
the Emperor himself.
BRAZIL
Dress Code
• For Women
– Keep in mind that Brazilians are very
fashion conscious and follow European
styles!
– Depending on what part of Brazil you
go to and the time of the year, you can
either wear a stylish business suit or a
dress with a jacket.
– Take a good quality tote bag with you
that zipped up - one that fits your laptop
during the day and that you can wear
when you go out with your Brazilian
friends at night - beware of sticky fingers
anywhere you go.
BRAZIL
Dress Code
• For Men
– Invest on the best suit you can afford
with a European design and cut and
a good-looking silk tie - one that
shows you're a man of good taste.
– Good shoes and a good leather belt
are a must.
– Make sure you have a good haircut
and look well-groomed and check
your fingernails, at all times.
BRAZIL
What not to wear in Brazil
• Women
– Try not to wear blouses with bows and try to
stick to crisp elegant-looking shirts and tops.
– Avoid polyester and double-knits
– Makeup, because of the humidity
in Brazil try to avoid eye-shadows
and mascaras you would not
want your makeup running down
your face
BRAZIL
What not to wear in Brazil
• Men
– DO NOT under any
circumstances wear a tie with a
short-sleeved shirt.
– Never, ever, wear socks with
sandals when going casual
– Jeans no holes or patches on
them
BRAZIL
SOCCER
• Brazil is known for its Soccer!
• It is the only nation to have
competed in every FIFA World
Cup tournament and they have
won the tournament a record
five times.
• Five World Cup Titles
• The country is renowned for
the quality of its players,
including Ronaldo, Pele,
Romario, Roberto Carlos,
Jairzinho,Rivelino, Zico, Carlos
Alberto, Rivaldo, Garrincha,
Kaka, and the current holder of
the title of best football player
in the world, Ronaldinho.
BRAZIL
Sight Seeing
• Things to see and
Places to go
– Carnaval
– The Christ ,Corcovado:
The statue of Christ the
Redeemer at Corcovado
– Sugar Loaf - Pão de
Açúcar - The Sugar Loaf
BRAZIL
Sight Seeing (Cont.)
– Copacabana:
Copacabana beach
– Ipanema: Ipanema
Beach
– Maracanã Soccer
Stadium
– Botanical Garden
– Tijuca Forest: The
Hiking Experience
BRAZIL
Brazil’s International Relations
BRAZIL
Itamaraty
•
Importance of Itamaraty
•
Established the Instituto de Pesquisa de
Relações Internacionais (IPRI)
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Ministério das Relações Exteriores
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Amorim’s agenda
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Who gets the final say in foreign policy
decisions?
BRAZIL
Foreign Policy Theories?
“I have not come here to serve a political
"It established, therefore, the principle that
the Itamaraty represents the interests
of the Brazilian nation and not those of
the government.. This directive
resulted in Brazilian foreign policy
being more consistent and coherent in
the following decades than that of
neighboring countries where
diplomatic activity varied as
governments changed, making it
difficult for them to defend their
national interests."
~ Baron Rio Branco
party, but to serve our Brazil which we
all want to see united, intergrated,
strong, and respected”
~ Baron Rio Branco
BRAZIL
Current Issues under Lula’s Reign
BRAZIL
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Lula’s Foreign Policy?
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Indifference to foreign affairs is seen in
domestic politics
•
Ignorance
•
Diplomacy Tests
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Anti-Americanism & Anti-Europeanism
•
Blaming the “Haves”
•
Phony relations with “brother” Latinos
•
Approach to Trade Talks
BRAZIL
Mercosul
•
What is it?
•
Who partakes in it?
•
What are its objectives?
•
Advantages?
•
Challenges?
BRAZIL
Mercosul Membership
~
Current members:
Argentina (1991)
Brazil (1991)
Paraguay (1991)
Uruguay (1991)
Venezuela (2006)
~
Associate members:
Chile (1996)
Bolivia (1997), in process of joining
Peru (2003)
Colombia (2004)
Ecuador (2004)
~
Former Associate members:
Venezuela (2004-2006), joined
~
Observer countries:
Mexico (2004), in process of
becoming an associate member
BRAZIL
F.T.A.A.
•
Stands for ‘Free Trade Area of the
Americas
•
Leading up to the mid 90’s
•
Opposition
BRAZIL
BRAZIL
Economic Overview
• Brazil has well developed agricultural, mining,
manufacturing and service sectors
• Agriculture accounts for 10% of Brazil’s GDP
• Industry accounts for 40 of GDP
• Service sector for 50% of GDP
BRAZIL
Import Policies
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No tariffs trades in excess of 35%
Some imports are prohibited
Flat tax import
Import Licensing
Brazil is part of MERCOSUR
BRAZIL
Export Incentives
• Tax and tariff exemptions for equipment
and materials imported for the production
of good for export
• Excise and sales tax exemptions on export
products
• Tax rebates on materials used in
manufacture
BRAZIL
Import / Export
Brazil's Export Partners
Brazil's Import Partners
25.0%
25.0%
20.0%
20.0%
23.0%
20.0%
15.0%
9.8%
10.0%
15.0%
8.7%
5.2%
4.4%
10.0%
5.0%
5.0%
0.0%
0.0%
US
Argentina
Germany
Japan
China
US
6.1%
6.0%
5.8%
Argentina
China
Netherlands
4.2%
Germany
BRAZIL
Brazil’s Economy
• Brazilian economy grew 5% last year
• Policies laid foundation for strong growth
– Decline on inflation
– President Lula’s Policies
– Consumer consumption
• Strong tax collections lead to a decline on
deficit of 2.7%
BRAZIL
Brazil’s Investment Incentives
• Accelerated depreciation on new machines and
equipment for industrial production
• Income tax deductions for expenses of feeding
workers and providing transportation
• Income tax deductions for cultural
donations/sponsorships
• Value-added tax deductions for R&D spending in
the telecommunication sector in Brazil
BRAZIL
GDP Per Capita US$
$40,000.00
$35,000.00
$30,000.00
$25,000.00
Brazil
$20,000.00
US
$15,000.00
$10,000.00
$ 2, 682. 28
$ 2, 175. 47
$ 2, 046. 67
$ 2, 227. 83 $ 2, 706. 40
$5,000.00
$2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
BRAZIL
Considering Developments within the financial markets, the economy and the
government over the past year, what is your attitude toward the Brazilian
investment market?
No opinion
0%
Highly pessimist ic
0%
Somewhat pessimist ic
9%
Neut ral
14%
Somewhat opt imist ic
62%
Highly opt imist ic
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
BRAZIL
How has your attitude toward the Brazilian investment
market changed over the past year, if at all?
Don't know
0%
Much more pessimist ic
0%
Somewhat more pessimist ic
22%
No change
17%
Somewhat more opt imist ic
53%
Much more opt imist ic
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
BRAZIL
How would you describe the attitude of individual
Brazilian citizens toward investing generally?
Don't known
1%
V er y negat i ve at t i t udes t owar d i nvest i ng
3%
Somewhat negat i ve at t i t udes t owar d i nvest i ng
21%
31%
Nei t her posi t i ve nor negat i ve at t i t udes t owar d i nvest i ng
33%
Somewhat posi t i ve at t i t udes t owar d i nvest i ng
12%
V er y posi t i ve at t i t udes t owar d i nvest i ng
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
BRAZIL
Which THREE market sectors do you feel offer the most upside potential in
Brazil over the next three years?
4%
Other
33%
Agriculture
26%
Real State
6%
Travel, Hotel and Tourism
23%
Transportation (ports, shipping, ground transport)
50%
Oil and gas, energy, utilities
0%
M edia and publishing
Heath care, biotech and pharmaceuticals
4%
22%
Construction
40%
Consumer goods and services and retailing
Communications, Technology and Telecoms
4%
9%
Capital goods and industrials
49%
Banking, finance and insurance
37%
Basic M aterials (including chemicals, metals, forest products)
Automobile
0%
3%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
BRAZIL
Employee’s Attitudes
• Brazilians prefer having native Brazilian
supervision, rather than foreigners
• Hard working, industrious people
– Loyal and very efficient
• English is considered a luxury
• Verbal performance evaluations are more
valuable in the factory environment
• Today, supervisors are younger than in the past
• High appreciation of social events in the
workplace
BRAZIL
Conclusion
• Brazil is a great place to do business
• A socially conscious government who
helps their people
• Rising optimistic attitudes towards the
economy
• A large population provides a competitive
workforce