Transcript Document

AN OVERVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
IN AFRICA
T. OLALEKAN WILLIAMS
www.thecommonwealth.org
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
•
CURRENT CONTEXT OF AFRICAN
AGRICULTURE
- Role, Key Challenges, Successes
•
KEY QUESTIONS
•
CHANGING ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
FACING AGRICULTURE
•
PRIORITY ACTIONS TO STRENGTHEN
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Current Context (Role)
• Agriculture in Africa accounts for:
- 35-50% of GDP in Africa
- 70% or more of total employment
• Nearly 65% of Africans depend on agriculture
as their primary source of livelihood
• Smallholder farmers account for more than
90% of total agricultural production
Current Context: Role (contd.)
Upshot
• Agriculture is a big sector in Africa
and it does not take a large increase in
agricultural growth to have significant
impact on the national economy and
average incomes
Current Context (Key Challenges)
• Poorly functioning markets
• Limited access to finance
• Poorly developed physical and social
infrastructure
• Inequitable access to productive resources
• Risks associated with adverse weather and
prices and lack of appropriate financial
instruments (e.g. insurance)
Current Context (Success Stories)
Cotton in West Africa
- 9% annual growth in production and exports
over 40 years (1960-2000)
- 200,000 farm households grow cotton, 30%
of Mali’s population
Current Context (Success Stories)
Horticulture Exports from Kenya
- Fruit & Vegetable exports quadrupled in real
terms between 1974-1999, exceeding $150 m
per year and becoming Kenya’s 3rd leading
foreign exchange earner
- 100,000 small farmers produce and export
fruits and vegetables
- Smallholders earn an average of $188 per year
from export of fruits and vegetables
Current Context (Success Stories)
Cassava Transformation in Nigeria
- Production tripled within a decade (1984-92)
- Nigeria surpasses Brazil as world’s leading
cassava producer
- 60% of farm households plant improved
varieties
- Resulting price fall benefits consumers,
making cassava a powerful anti-poverty
weapon
CRITICAL QUESTIONS
• Are any of the successes of African agriculture
replicable across wider areas to benefit larger
numbers of people?
• How do we generate new thinking, grounded in
national and international realities, to revitalize
African agriculture?
• How can new strategies and alliances in favour
of African agriculture be brought about?
Changing Economic Environment
International Environment
• Heavy farm subsidies in OECD countries
• Shifting composition of traded goods
• Global consolidation in food retailing
• Preferential access to markets in EU & USA
- ‘Everything But Arms’ & AGOA
High Price of Agricultural
Protectionism in Rich Countries
- US $1 Billion a day supporting their own
agricultural sectors
- Cotton production in West Africa supports
11 million people. When world prices sunk in
2001 due to US cotton subsidies, the region
lost US $ 190 million
Changing Economic Environment
National Environment
• Regulatory reforms (e.g. market liberalization)
• New policy initiatives in Nigeria
2000 – Merger of NACB, PBN & FEAP to
form NACRDB
2003 – Small & Medium Enterprise
Development Agency of Nigeria
(SMEDAN)
2005 – Pilot Microfinance Scheme
Changing Economic Environment
National Environment (continued)
• Emergence of Supermarkets with fresh food
retailing sections
PRIORITY ACTIONS
STRENGTHENING AGRIBUSINESS
Public Sector’s Role
• Tackle market failure to reduce the transaction costs
and risks that inhibit the private sector and restrict
access of farmers and SMEs to markets
• Invest in core public goods that build enterprise
competitiveness, e.g. infrastructure, R & E etc.
• Reduce, simplify or remove regulations and costs
that create a competitive disadvantage for farmers and
SMEs
Public Sector’s Role
• Create policies that support pro-poor agriculture.
Policies to reduce inequality to productive assets
and to secure property rights
• Fill the agricultural finance gap
• Policies to support institutions (e.g. producer
organizations, marketing associations) that will
assist to connect rural poor producers to markets
Private Sector’s Role
• Development, organization and management of supply
chains – hear and see the market
• Investment in market expansion and competitiveness
enhancing measures, e.g. processing facilities
• Work with public sector to develop policies
• Develop linkages with multinationals and large
domestic companies
Civil Society’s Role
• Mobilisation and organisation of rural poor producers
• Awareness raising to encourage stakeholder acceptance
and adoption of new export requirements
• Pilot testing of new ideas and projects with the poor
• Advocacy – bring the demands and needs of the poor
to the attention of governments and private sector
Organizational structures to
strengthen pro-poor agribusiness
development
• Contract farming involving out-growers and a linkexporter
• Farmer-controlled enterprises
- Linkage independent
- Linkage-dependent
• Cross-border agricultural supply chains
• Clusters and networks linked with intellectual
property rights
Examples of ComSec technical
assistance programs to strengthen
agribusiness
• Commonwealth Secretariat technical assistance to
Nigeria to improve compliance with SPS measures
for non-traditional exports
• Commonwealth Secretariat support to The Gambia in
agro-processing
• Commonwealth Secretariat-FAO collaborative
technical assistance in Eastern & Southern Africa
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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