Transcript Document

DIGITAL BHARAT SUMMIT 2015
Powering Inclusive Growth
through ICT
Some basic Observations
Dr. Gopi Ghosh
Consultant / Director
Asian Institute of Poverty Alleviation
New Delhi
Critical time in history
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Resurgent India – new energy /optimism
Favourable confluence- both int & ext
Expected High GDP growth
Clear vision e.g Make in India
Digital transformation
Knowledge economy
Strong pitch for Inclusive growth
Bharat vs India --- Rural vs urban
Poor vs Rich ---- unreached vs on-board
Certain Requisites
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Strong impetus to manufacturing
Small and medium enterprises
Conducive Business climate
Ease of doing business
All-comprehensive reforms
Infrastructure
Investment
Create jobs
Important challenges
• Huge unemployment/ under-employment
• Rising youth – 12 m entering job market annually
• Largely unemployable 450 m workforce– only 8-9%
in organized sector
• Bereft of any marketable skills – India barely 2%
skilled - S Korea- 92%- most dev’d – btw 50-90%
• Agriculture continues to employ 57% – sustains 70%
of rural people’s livelihood - but with only 14% GDP
• Exacerbates Rich-poor ~ rural-urban divide
• Persistent Agriculture crisis
Agriculture crisis
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Food security, demand for food, fibre, fodder
“Sustainability” …..“Asymmetry” …..”Efficiency”
Yield /growth stagnation, resource degradation
Climate change - looming food & livelihood insecurity
Small farmer’s distress – institution & investment** price
& market
“Fatigue” – production- technology - policy
persistent poverty, lack of health, education, comm. etc.
….overall hopelessness in rural areas
migration from agriculture/rural – feminization/ageing
Loss of HR - to no one’s advantage
Priority attention….
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Provide decent livelihoods
Jobs creation ( in jobless growth scenario)
Business climate-Ease-of-doing business
Labour intensive manufacturing /services
Proactive reforms – incl. Labour reform
Investment – Infrastructure- entrepreneurship
Create Quality workforce
Aggressive skill development
To reap Demographic dividend
Demographic dividend
Country
Population (m)
2008
2020
Median age
2008
2020
China
1321
1383
37.6
42.0
Japan
128
123
44.2
48.6
USA
304
330
36.8
38.0
INDIA
1153
1334
24.4
28.1
Take away people from farm sector…..
People Engaged in Agri
1991
(in mill.)
2011
(in mill.)
% change
Total population
846
1211
43
Cultivators
111
119
7
Agri Labourers
75
144
93
1971-72
1991-92
2012-13
Agri workers
15
9
5
Draught animals
44
17
5
Machines
39
79
90
% Share of power
in Indian farms
Some Critical Questions..
• How to provide employment to these large unskilled
workforce from agriculture to other sectors?
• How to realize Make in India mission possible w/o quality
skilled workforce?
• How to ensure Inclusive growth – economic, financial social,
digital, women…..?
• What way to overhaul total Education: functional- highervocational training- to create hard / soft skills?
• How to increase current skill dev capacity to supply targeted
500 m skilled force by 2022?
• In what way Digital Technology can make things possible?
Egovernance
E-finance &
e-banking
Eagriculture
Digitally
yours…
Ecommerce
/ e-tailing
E-health/
e-care
E-services
E-education
ICT in agriculture
• Knowledge, production, markets, price, weather, precision tech.,analytics, land
recorsd, water mgmt, waste mgmt, pest monitoring, survaillance, early warning
• Mobile, farm-portal, call center, radio, social media, GIS/GPS, sensors, soil e-card
• i-kisan, m-krishi, e-sewa, e-sagu, e-chaupal, RML, Digital Green, RFID, PDA
Inclusive growth
• Financial inclusion, social schemes, PDS, MNREGA, subsidies, Insurance, Gender
analytics, inclusion of women, youth, disabled, weaker sections
• JAM_ Jandhan yojana, ADHAR, mobile banking, social software & networking, RuPay
Kisan card, suraksha Bima yojana, sr citizen welfare
Smart cities
• Smart traffic/transport, energy grid, smart lighting, smart building, water mgmt, waste
mgmt, wifi network, pollution monitoring, supply& logistics, security surveillance
• Monitoring tools, sensors, Comm. Protocols, M2M, metering device, EWS, mobile
apps, wearable devise, smart cams, signal proc. tech, GIS/GPS, tracking & monitoring,
Digital interventions
• Improves the speed, accuracy, efficiency, inclusivity and
cost -effectiveness of all social and dev interventions
• Ensures Inclusion and involvement - as Digital exclusion
proved to deepen social and economic exclusion
• Warrants people to be made a dominant partner in design
& choice of technology, interface arrangements, decision on
service providers, assessment of costs and benefits.
• To converge unlimited potential of IT, ITES, mobile
telephony, internet, broadcast network. M2M, etc. thru
pragmatic policy app. to make Digital India a reality
Digital India would necessitate
• Cooperation & commitment from both private and
public – spectacular mobile penetration - alter rural
India
• Aggressive Skill dev, training, exposure to engage
people in ICT and other technical areas
• Improved basic infrastructure- power, telephony,
road, comm., health, education etc – to sustain eintervention
• Dynamic research and innovation in these fields
• Durable partnerships btw public, private & others
with Govt to enforce enabling regulations + provide
basic infra- private sec to provide ICT infra, know-how
&services
THANKS