Transcript Section 2.9 - Tamaqua Area School District

Simple Organic Compounds
Organic Chemistry
 Study of carbon-containing
compounds
 Contain C and H; often O, N,
and other elements as well
Alkanes
Compounds containing only H and C are called
hydrocarbons
 Basic class of hydrocarbons is the ALKANES:

 Each C is bonded to 4 other atoms (either C or H)
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Derivatives Alkanes

H atom of an Alkane is replaced with a
functional group.

Example: Alcohols
Alcohols
 Replace an H atom from an alkane
with an –OH group
Methanol
Naming Alcohols
Use the name of the alkane from which it
is derived
 Change the ending to –ol

Ethane
Ethanol
Naming Alkanes
 All end in -ane
 Those with 5 or more carbon
atoms: prefixes are used (Table
2.6)
 Ex: Alkane with 5 C- pentane
 Ex: 8 C- octane (gasoline)
Properties of Alcohols

Very different from the alkane from which they
were derived
Methane, ethane, and propane colorless gases
 Methanol, ethanol, and propanol  colorless liquids

Foundation of Organic Compounds

Long chains of C-C bonding (alkanes and alcohols)

As C-C gets longer, a new substance/new physical
properties forms

Polyethylene- alkanes with over tens of
thousands of C atoms
 Solid substance- plastic bags, food
containers, lab equipment