Transcript IEEE Chicago 2008

EE 590
Transmission Planning with
Significant Energy Resources
Dale Osborn
Midwest ISO
October 13, 2008
[email protected]
Historical Methods
• Clair’s presentation
– Local generation to serve local load-expanded on
NERC or local reliability criteria
– Interties built for reliability, power purchase
opportunities, economics are a plus
• LOLE, LOLP reduce the amount of generation that must be
constructed
• Contingency for major transmission loss- ice storms
• Also sell capacity and energy-power purchase would justify
the line in early years
• Sell economy energy
Transmission Planning Methods
• Traditional Reliability Planning-David
Duebner
– Find a problem
– Find the “best” solution
• Energy ( Economic) Planning-Dale Osborn
– Find the opportunity
– Design a system that would capture an
economic share of the opportunity
New Factors that Require Changes
in the Planning Methods
• Open Access Transmission Tariffs
• RTO’s- breadth and speed of decision options greatly expanded
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Generation Queue processes
Single transmission source
Energy Markets
Reliability decisions on a wide area and not the sum of individual
decisions-State Estimator Model, Outage Coordination, AFC
calcuations,Reliability Coordination, Settlements
– Utility focused planning still required-RTO’s fit the pieces together, they
do not define the pieces
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Energy Markets
Ancillary Service Markets and Balancing Area consolidation
Wind Energy- RPS
Carbon reductions
Environmental restrictions
Load response
Transmission Design
• Present transmission systems were not designed to run
in multi-RTO energy market environments.
• Generation generally was planned to serve load in a
utility area.
• Interconnections were used to increase reliability by
pooling generation reserves and for economic energy
and power exchanges.
• Transmission could be designed to make the multiple
energy markets efficient in the Eastern Interconnection.
• Capacity would still be planned locally for reliability
purposes.
Design Criteria
• What do you wish to have the transmission capable of
doing?
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Peak power delivery- reliability
Economic energy delivery- Benefit/Cost ratio
Both- assignment of capabilities
Exporting of wind energy diversity
• Who would pay for it?
– Integrated AC design
– HVDC to separate the desing
• How would they pay for it?
• Where would it be constructed?
• Sequencing- can you get from here to there?
What is needed to plan a
transmission system
• Stakeholder participation- Clair-scope of study
• Models-transmission, generation, loads-David
Duebner
• Generation Forecasts- John Lawhorn
• Criteria- present, future
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Political will
Economic performance criteria-order matters
Reliability performance critieria
Evaluation procedure
• Merit evaluation definition
ISO-NE
MISO
NYISO
Overlay
Hub
PJM
SPP
TVA
Entergy
Southern
Transmission Plan Based on
Economic Studies
Paper 08TD0721 Slides
Dale Osborn, Zheng Zhou
Midwest ISO
April, 2008
[email protected]
[email protected]
MISO
PJM
Joint and
Common
Market
WWW.JCSPSTUDY.ORG
Potential Congestion Relief $M/yr
IMO, $1,143
MISO, $5,808
SE, $4,288
SPP, $1,162
NYISO, $2,908
PJM, $6,679
MAPP, $1,131
240,000 MW of Wind Generation
Market Flow
West to East Interface Flows OH-PA
25000
20000
MW
15000
10000
5000
Jan Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
0
0
720
1440
2160
2880
3600
4320
5040
Hour of the Year
5760
6480
7200
7920
8640
West to East Flow with HVDC
25000
80% of Maximum Loading
Flow (MW)
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1
1008 2015 3022 4029 5036 6043 7050 8057
Hours
765
2200
2600-4500
345 kV - 765 kv Delivery Capacity
with a 5% voltage drop
on a losseles line
3.5
3
PU SIL
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
50
100
150
200
Miles
250
300
350
Transmission and Substation Costs per Mw-mile by Transmission Voltage And Type of
Construction
4,000
3,600
3,200
Lowest cost options
$/Mw-Mile
2,800
2,400
2,000
1,600
1,200
800
400
0
345 kV
Steel
Wooded
Areas
2-345kkV
on Steel
500 kV
765 kV
765 HSIL
800 kV GIL 1200 mile800kV
HVDC
600
1200
1300
2600
5400
5300
6400
Target typical planned loading Mw, use economics to choose voltage
HVDC Advantages
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Lower cost per Mw-mile
Smaller ROW- higher power density
Does not interfere with railroad operations
Can be undergrounded for water crossings for longer distances- Norway to the
Netherlands is the longest -420 miles
Provides unique dynamic characteristics to spread a disturbance over a large
generation base quickly in a parallel manner. Can link New Jersey to North Dakota.
No short circuit contributions
No intermediate reactive control substations needed- if you need a tap use AC
Combined with AC systems for contingent operation-5,000 Mw contingency design
Schedulable
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Power flow
Price differences
Frequency
Wind variability
Contingency response
Minimize loop flow
16,000
4,000
63,000 MW of wind mandates
765 kV
800 kV HVDC
6400 MVA
Generation Connection Capability
• 240,000 MW of wind generation modeled
as connected to the transmission system
including the overlay
• 180,000 MW of conventional generation
modeled as connected to the transmission
system including the overlay
• The overlay provides a place to connect
generation and deliver the energy
+800 kV
1200/1600 MVA
400 kV
+800 kV
1200/1600 MVA
Bi Polar Transmission line
1200/1600 MVA
-800 kV
-400 kV
1200/1600 MVA
-800 kV
A
C
400 MW can be connected
per terminal, 1600 Mw total
per line with a radial AC
backup system
3 HVDC Lines would have 12 terminals at the source and
12 terminals at the sinks-14,400 MW –self contingent
Advantage of looping transmission
For standard 2600 MW rated
765 kV lines 2600 MW can be
delivered to the HVDC line
Which is rated at 4800 MW
Series capacitors, double circuits,
HSIL construction all could double
The delivery capability and thus
Increase the generation
Connection and delivery capability
To
HVDC
Advantage of looping transmission
2600 MW
Cross links to
a terminal or
terminals can
double the
delivery to
the HVDC
terminal
5200 MW for
standard
rated 765 kV
2600 Mw
To
HVDC
Power System Conceptual Design
Determine Futures
Renewable Future
20% Wind Energy
+
Environmental
$25/Ton CarbonTax
+..
Wind Hourly Data
Generation Forecast
and
Generation Location
Transmission Development
Wind Data from
Seconds to Hours
Evaluation of other Futures
with this Futures
Transmission
Selection of A Robust
Transmission Concept
with Future Specific
Transmission Expansions
Reliability Study
LOLE
Wind Integration Study
Simulations to Determine
Adequacy of Generation
Controls to Fit the Short
Term
Real Time Simulation