Transcript ppt

CPRE210: Introduction to Digital Design
• Instructor
– Arun K. Somani
– Tel: 294 0442
– Email: [email protected]
– Office Hours: MWF 10:00-11:00
• Teaching Assistant
– Will have one, see web a few days later
• Web Page is being setup
– http://vulcan.ee.iastate.edu/~arun/cpre210_A99/cpre210.html
• Text Book: Computation Structures by Ward and Halstead Jr.
– Will not cover the whole book
1
Digital Design Area
• Rapidly changing field:
– vacuum tube -> transistor -> IC -> VLSI
– memory capacity and processor speed are doubling every 1.5
years
• Things you’ll be learning:
– Basic foundation of digital systems
– By the end of the semester you will be able to design, build,
test, and program a simple digital computer
• Why learn this stuff?
– you want to call yourself a “computer scientist or engineer”
– First step towards design state-of-art systems
2
Course Outline
• Learn general concepts in digital logic design
• Number systems and codes
• Digital representation of data
• Combinational and sequential logic
• Logic elements
• Design of digital systems and subsystems
• Introduction to computer-aided schematic capture systems
• Simulation tools
• Hardware description language
• Use of programmable logic devices
• Design of a simple digital computer
3
Outline of Progress (How We Will Make It?)
• Topics wise
– Fundamental key items - binary values, binary numbers
system, information representation, binary arithmetic
– Mathematical foundation - a little bit about Boolean algebra,
Boolean logic, Boolean values, Logic operators, AND, OR,
NOT, logic expressions, logic circuits, logic gates, truth
tables
– Combinational circuits
– Sequential circuits
– General digital circuit design
– datapath, control, design constraints, dynamic descipline
static discipline
– computer design, ALU, registers, register file, bus, ROM,
RAM, Control, input/output
– Tight coupling between lectures, home-works, and lab
4
Grading
• Three one hour examination, each covering roughly one-third of
the course material
• Each will be weighted the same
• Homeworks will be assigned, collected, graded, and returned
regularly
– Grading level 2, 1, and 0 (or some three equivalent levels)
– 2: correct answer, 1: partial answer, and 0: (near) no answer
– No late homeworks
– No appeals
– We will discard a few lower grades
• Weekly labs
– Self contained, not graded but progress monitored
– To get an “A” you have to complete all labs and so on...
5
Policies
• Requesting academic accommodations
– If you would like to request academic accommodations due
to a disability, please contact Disabled Student Services
– Please present the disability academic accommodations,
letter to me and discuss your needs with me
• Attention: Need Extra help. Talk to me
– If for any reason at any time you are feeling left out in the
course, or need any extra help, feel free to contact me
– If you do not ask, there is no way for me to provide help
• Collaboration
– You are free to consult others in interpreting assignments
– However, submitted solutions to the assignments must be
done by you only (In other word no direct copy).
6
Information Representation
•
•
•
•
•
•
We are all familiar with decimal numbers
Information theory: discusses how to deal with information
We only deal with some aspects of it
Virtually all computers now store information in binary form
A binary number system has two digits, 0 and 1
Combination of binary digits represent various kind of
information
• Examples
– 01001011
– It can be interpreted as an integer value, a character code, a
floating point number….
• Non binary numbers are also possible
• How do we represent negative numbers?
i.e., which bit patterns will represent which numbers?
7
Why Binary?
• Easy to represent
– Off and On
– Open and close switch
– Head and tail on a coin
– Polarity of magnetization
– 0 and nonzero voltage levels
• How to represent information in binary?
• Say we want to represent positive number 0 and 1
– 0 is 0 and 1 is 1
• say we want to represent red and green colors
– 0 is red and 1 is green (or vice versa)
• Say we want to represent fall and spring semesters
– 0 is fall and 1 is spring (or vice versa)
8
More Complicated Examples
• Numbers 0 to 7
– We use combination of digits
• 1 digits gives us two combination
• 2 will yield four
• 3 will yield 8
– Need three bits (binary digits)
• What if we want to represent 16 alphabets - Need four bits
• What if we want to represents numbers from 11 to 25?
• Homework Problem:
– For each part below devise a scheme to represent, in binary,
each set of symbols
• (A) Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
• (B) Alphabets: A, B, C, D, E, F
• (C) Integers from 21 to 36
9