Transcript What is the backbone cabling?

The Saigon CTT
Semester 1
CHAPTER 8
Le Chi Trung
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Content
• Network design and documentation.
• Planning structured cabling.
• Design practices.
• Electricity and grounding.
• Network power supply.
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Schedule
Lesson
Lab
Date
No
27-Aug
29-Aug
31-Aug
Name
Est time
No
Name
Chapter 7 Online Exam
8.1
Basics network design and documentations
0:20:00
8.2
Wiring closet specifications
0:20:00
8.3
Identifying potential wiring closets
0:20:00
8.4
Selection practice
8.5
Horizontal and backbone cabling
0:30:00
8.6
Electricity and grounding
0:15:00
8.7
Cabling and grounding
0:15:00
8.8
A wiring plan for Ethernet star topology LAN
0:15:00
8.9
Multible earth ground problems
0:15:00
8.10
Power line problems
0:15:00
8.11
Surge suppressors and UPS functions
0:15:00
Chapter 8 Online Exam
Homework
Est Time
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NETWORK
DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION
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General design process
1. Develop a Layer 1 LAN topology:
–
–
–
–
The type of cable (fiber, coaxial, CAT 5 …).
The physical (wiring) topology.
Types of Ethernet topologies.
Hub, repeater, closet, patch panel ...
2. Develop a Layer 2 LAN topology:
– To add Layer 2 devices to your topology to
improve its capabilities.
3. Develop a Layer 3 LAN topology:
– Build scalable inter-networks.
– Link to WANs.
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Network design issues
• Gather information about the
organization.
• Analyze and assess of the current
and projected requirements.
• Identify the resources and
constraints of the organization.
• Document the information in the
framework of a format report.
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Network design process
• Designer: person doing the design.
• Client: person who has requested, and is
probably paying for, the design.
• Users: persons who will be using the product.
• Brainstorming: generation of creative ideas for
the design.
• Specifications development: usually numbers
which will measure how well the design works.
• Building and testing: to meet client objectives
and satisfy certain standards.
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General design methodology
• Problem solving cycle.
• Problem solving matrix.
• Brainstorming.
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Problem solving cycle
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Problem solving matrix
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Brainstorming
– Quantity of ideas.
– No censorship of ideas.
– Building upon others ideas.
– Wildest ideas possible.
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Network design documents
• Engineering journal.
• Logical topology.
• Physical topology.
• Cut sheets.
• Problem-solving matrices.
• Labeled outlets.
• Labeled cable runs.
• Summary of outlets and cable runs.
• Summary of devices, addresses.
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Review
• Understand about design process.
• Design documentation.
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PLANNING STRUCTURED CABLING
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Cabling standard
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Cabling terminologies
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Horizontal cabling components
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Horizontal cabling structure
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Horizontal cables
• 4-pair 100 Ω UTP.
• 2 fiber (duplex) 62.5/125 µm or multimode
optical fiber.
• 50/125 µm multimode fiber will be allowed
in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.
• A minimum of two telecommunication
outlets are required for each individual
work area.
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Wiring closet: Overview
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Wiring closet: Specification
• A central point of a star topology.
• Where the horizontal cabling runs must
be attached and the patch panel must be
installed.
• The size will vary with the size of the LAN
and the types of equipment required to
operate it:
– Each floor must have a minimum of one
wiring closet.
– Each 1000 m2 have a wiring closet.
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Wiring closet: Size
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Wiring closet: Environmental
• Materials for walls, floors, and ceilings.
• Temperature and humidity.
• Locations and types of lighting.
• Power outlets.
• Room and equipment access.
• Cable access and support.
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Wiring closet: Wall, floor and ceiling
Rooms must not
have a dropped,
or false, ceiling
20mm
plywood
that is at
least
2.4m
•
Minimum load capacity.
•
Raised floor or Ladder Rack Support.
•
Tiled, or some other type of finished surface.
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Wiring closet: HVAC
Temperature : 21OC
Relative humidity :
30% - 50%
HVAC : Heating/Ventilation/Air Conditioning
No water or steam
pipes running
through or above
the room.
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Wiring closet: Lighting and Power
• Minimum of two dedicated, non-switched,
AC duplex electrical outlet.
• At least one duplex power outlet
positioned every 1.8m along each wall.
• Power outlet should be positioned 150
mm above the floor.
• A lighting switch should be placed
immediately inside the door.
• Florescent lighting should be avoided for
cable pathways.
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Wiring closet: Room and equipment
Wiring hub and patch
panel were mounted
to a wall with a hinged
wall bracket.
Wiring hub and
patch panel were
mounted with
distribution rack
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Wiring closet: Cable access
Any wall/ceiling openings that
provide access for the conduit.
• All horizontal cabling that runs from work
areas to a wiring closet should be run
under a raised floor.
• When this is not possible, the cabling
should be run through 10.2 cm sleeves that
are placed above door level.
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Wiring closet: Identification
• Draw a floor plan approximately to scale.
• Identify the devices that will be
connected to the network.
• MDF is secure locations that are close to
the POP.
• Choose potential wiring closet locations.
• Determining number of wiring closets.
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Wiring closet: Floor plan
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Wiring closet: Star topology
Draw circles
that represent a
radius of 50m
from potential
wiring closets.
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Wiring closet: Catchment area
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Wiring closet: Potential location (PW)
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Wiring closet: Identification PW
• If there are any potential wiring closet
whose catchment areas substantially
overlap, you could probably eliminate
one of the wiring closet.
• If there are any potential wiring closet
whose catchment areas can contain all of
the devices that are to be connected to
the network, then one of them could
serve as the wiring closet for the entire.
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Wiring closet: Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Do any of the circles overlap?
Can any of the PW locations be eliminated?
Do any of the circles provide coverage for all of the
devices that will be connected to the network?
Which of the PW locations seems to be the best?
Are there any circles where only a few of the devices
fall outside the catchment area?
Which PW is closest to the POP?
Based on your findings, list the three best possible
locations for wiring closets.
Based on your findings, how many wiring closets do
you believe will be required for this network?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each
of the PW?
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Wiring closet: Practice (cont.)
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Wiring closet: Practice (PWs)
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Wiring closet: HOMEWORK
•
Teamwork:
– 5 groups.
•
Object:
– Identification wiring closets for floor plan.
•
Presentation:
– 5-10 minutes per group.
•
Tools:
– Microsoft Visio, Microsoft PowerPoint…
•
Feedback:
– From other students.
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Multiple Wiring closet: MDF and IDF
• MDF: Main distribution facility
• IDF: Intermediate distribution facility.
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Multiple Wiring closet: Multi-story
The MDF is usually
located on one of the
middle floors of the
building, even though
the POP might be located
on the first floor, or in the
basement.
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Backbone: Components
•
Backbone cabling runs.
•
Intermediate and main cross-connects.
•
Patch cords used for backbone-tobackbone cross-connections.
– Vertical networking media between wiring
closets on different floors.
– Networking media between the MDF and
the POP.
– Networking media used between buildings
in a multi-building campus.
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Backbone: Structure
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Backbone: Media
•
100 Ω UTP (four-pair).
•
150 Ω STP (two-pair).
•
62.5/125 µm multimode optical fiber.
•
Single-mode optical fiber.

Although TIA/EIA-568-A recognizes
50Ω coaxial cable, generally, it is not
recommended for new installations.
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Backbone: TIA/EIA-568-A
A. Each IDF can be connected directly to
the main distribution facility.
– IDF: horizontal cross-connect (HCC).
– MDF: main cross-connect (MCC).
B. 1st IDF interconnected to a 2nd IDF. The
2nd IDF is then connected to the MDF.
– 2nd IDF: intermediate cross-connect (ICC).
– No more than one ICC can be passed
through to reach the MCC.
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Backbone: TIA/EIA-568-A (type A)
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Backbone: TIA/EIA-568-A (type B)
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Backbone: Maximum distance
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Backbone: Single mode FO (type A)
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Backbone: Single mode FO (type B)
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Review
• What is a wiring closet and how to
identify the wiring closets?
• What is the backbone cabling?
• What are HCC, ICC and MCC?
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DESIGN PRACTICES
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Design 1: Overview
1. The campus has three buildings.
2. Each building is two stories tall.
3. The dimensions of the main building are 40
m. x 37 m.
4. The dimensions of both the east building and
the west building are 40 m. x 23 m.
5. Each building has a different earth ground.
6. Each building has only a single earth ground.
7. All floors are covered with ceramic tile,
unless otherwise specified.
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Design 1: Ethernet star topology
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Design 1: Main building
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Design 1: East building
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Design 1: West building
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Design 1: Your plan
1. Location of the MDF.
2. Location and number of IDFs.
3. Identity of IDFs used as HCCs.
4. Identity of IDFs used as ICCs.
5. Location of all backbone cabling runs
between MDF and IDFs.
6. Location of any backbone cabling runs
between IDFs.
7. Location of all horizontal cabling runs from
IDFs to work areas.
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Design 1: Preparation
•
Teamwork:
– 5 groups.
•
Presentation:
– 10 minutes per group.
•
Tools:
– Microsoft Visio, Microsoft PowerPoint…
•
Feedback:
– From other students.
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Design 2: Overview
1. The campus has three buildings.
2. Each building is two stories tall.
3. The dimensions of the main building are
40m. x 37m.
4. The dimensions of both the east building
and the west building are 40m. x 23m.
5. Each building has a different earth ground.
6. Each building has only a single earth
ground.
7. All floors are covered with ceramic tile,
unless otherwise specified.
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Design 2: Multiple earth group
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Review
• Present your solution for design 1.
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ELECTRICITY AND GROUNDING
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AC and DC
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AC Line noise
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
•
Static electricity.
•
The most damaging and uncontrollable
form of electricity.
•
ESD must be dealt with in order to
protect sensitive electronic equipment.
•
ESDs can destroy semiconductors.
•
A solution that can help solve problems
that arise from ESD is good grounding.
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Safety grounding
• Third connector in power socket is
called the safety ground connection.
• The safety ground wire is connected to
any exposed metal part of equipments.
• The motherboards and computing
circuits in computing equipment are
electrically connected to the chassis,
this also connects them to the safety
grounding wire.
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Purpose of safety grounding
• Be used to dissipate static electricity.
• Prevent such metal parts from
becoming energized with a hazardous
voltage resulting from a wiring fault
inside the device.
• Whenever an electrical current is
passed through this path into the
ground, it causes protective devices
such as circuit breakers to activate.
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Grounding wire
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Multi-ground connections
• Large buildings frequently require more
than one earth ground.
• Separate earth grounds for each building
are required in multi-building campuses.
• When ground wires in separate locations
have slightly different potential (voltage),
to the common and hot wires, they can
present a serious problem.
• This errant potential voltage would have
the ability to severely damage delicate
computer memory chips.
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Network devices on separate building
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Dangerous circuit
• Due to the ground wires for the devices
in one location having a slightly different
potential to both the common and
hotwires than the ground wires for the
devices in the second location.
• Anyone touching the chassis of a device
on the network would receive a nasty
shock.
• A good way to avoid having current pass
through the body, and through the heart,
is to use the one hand rule.
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Avoiding dangerous circuit
• TIA/EIA-568-A specifications for
backbone cabling permit the use of fiber
optic cable, as well as UTP cable.
• When multiple buildings are to be
networked, it is highly desirable to use
fiber-optic cable as the backbone.
• Whenever copper is used for backbone
cabling, it can provide a pathway for
lighting strikes to enter a building.
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Review
• What are the purposes of safety
grounding?
• How to avoid dangerous circuit?
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NETWORK POWER SUPPLY
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Power problem
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Normal mode and common mode
• Normal mode problems do not, ordinarily,
pose a hazard to you or to your
computer. This is because they are
usually intercepted by a computer's
power supply, an uninterruptible power
supply, or an AC power line filter.
• Common mode problems, on the other
hand, can go directly to a computer's
chassis without an intervening filter.
Therefore they can do more damage to
data signals than normal mode problems.
In addition, they are harder to detect.
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Power line problem: Total loss
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Power line problem: Sag and Surge
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Power line problem: Spike
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Power line problem: Noise
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Power problems damage
• Lockups.
• Loss of memory.
• Problems in retrieving data.
• Altered data.
• Garbling.
Protection products can save your data
equipment from damage caused by direct
contact with lightning, power lines, or
electrostatic discharge.
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Protection solutions
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Surge protector
• To protect the system equipment from surges
introduced between the building entrance and the
system equipment, install the inline surge protector
between those two points and as close as possible to
the equipment being protected.
• To protect the system equipment from surges
introduced between the system equipment and the
work area, install the inline surge protector between
those two points and as close as possible to the
equipment being protected.
• To protect the work area equipment that is connected
to the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC), Campus
Backbone Cabling or System Equipment. If the work
area equipment operates over more than one-pair,
install the inline surge protector as close as possible to
the equipment being protected.
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Surge suppressor
• Prevent surges and spikes from
damaging the networking device.
• A device called a metal oxide varistor
(MOV) is most often used as this type of
surge suppressor.
• Protects the networking devices by
redirecting excess voltages, that occur
during spikes and surges, to a ground.
• This type of surge suppressor has a
limited lifetime.
• This type of surge suppressor would not
be the best choice for your network.
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Uninterruptible Power Supply
• An uninterruptible power source is
designed to handle only short-duration
power outages.
• If a LAN requires uninterrupted power,
even during power outages that could
last several hours, then a generator
would be needed to supplement the
backup provided by a UPS.
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UPS Components
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UPS Types
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Review
• Power line problems.
• The solutions for power problems.
• Purposes of UPS.
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