Transcript GE Multilin`s Solution For Power Quality Monitoring

Digital Meters - Power
Quality Monitoring and
Analysis
Bala Vinayagam
Mar 21, 2006
1
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Contents
•
•
•
•
Effects of power quality
Power Quality definitions revisited
What is needed for PQ monitoring ?
GE Multilin’s solution
o PQMII
o EPM9000 series
• Summary
Monitor and Analyze Power Disturbances, Disruptions & Harmonics
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ is a Business Problem
Power Quality issues cause business problems
such as:
• Lost productivity, idle people and equipment
• Lost orders, good will, customers and profits
• Lost transactions and orders not being processed
• Revenue and accounting problems
• Customer and/or management dissatisfaction
• Overtime required to make up for lost work time
According to Electric Light and Power Magazine, 30 to 40 Percent
of All Business Downtime Is Related to Power Quality Problems.
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Is Power Quality Such a Big
Problem?
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Why PQ is such a Big Problem?
• The sensitivity of today’s electronic equipment makes it
susceptible to power disturbances
• For some devices, a momentary disturbance can cause
o scrambled data
o interrupted communications
o a frozen mouse
o system crashes and equipment failure
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Problems are Expensive
•
Berkeley Lab Study Estimates $80 Billion Annual
Cost of Power Interruptions … Research News,
Berkeley Lab, February 2, 2005
•
$50 billon per year in the USA is lost as a results
of power quality breakdowns …. Bank of America
Report
•
A manufacturing company lost more than $3
million one day last summer in Silicon Valley
when the “lights went out.” … New York Times
January 2000
•
“A voltage sag in a paper mill can waste a whole
day of production - $250,000 loss” … Business
Week, June 17,, 1996
•
Half of all computer problems and one-third of all
data loss can be traced back to the power line …
Contingency Planning Research, LAN Times
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Who is Affected?
• High Cost Facilities
o Semiconductor plants
o Pharmaceuticals
o Data centers
•
Medium Cost Facilities
o Automotive manufacturing
o Glass plants
o Plastics & Chemicals
o Textiles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lost production
Scrap
Costs to restart
Labor costs
Equipment damage and repair
Other costs
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Definitions Revisited
IEEE Categories
Std 1159-1995
Short Duration
Variations
Typical
Duration
Instantaneous Sag
0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Sag
30 cycles – 3
sec
Temporary Sag
3 sec – 1 min
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Definitions Revisited
IEEE Categories
Std 1159-1995
Short Duration
Variations
Typical
Duration
Instantaneous Sag
0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Sag
30 cycles – 3
sec.
Temporary Sag
3 sec – 1 min.
Instantaneous Swell
0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Swell
30 cycles – 3
sec.
Temporary Swell
3 sec – 1 min.
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Definitions Revisited
IEEE Categories
Std 1159-1995
Short Duration
Variations
Typical
Duration
Instantaneous Sag
0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Sag
30 cycles – 3
sec.
Temporary Sag
3 sec – 1 min.
Instantaneous Swell
0.5 – 30 cycles
Momentary Swell
30 cycles – 3
sec.
Temporary Swell
3 sec – 1 min.
Momentary Interruptions
0.5 – 30 cycles
Temporary Interruptions
30 cycles – 3
sec.
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Definitions Revisited
IEEE Categories
Std 1159-1995
Long Duration
Variations
Typical
Duration
Sustained interruptions
> 1 min
Under voltages
> 1 min
Over voltages
> 1 min
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Definitions Revisited
IEEE Categories
Std 1159-1995
Long Duration
Variations
Typical
Duration
Sustained interruptions
> 1 min
Under voltages
> 1 min
Over voltages
> 1 min
Voltage imbalance
Steady state
Waveform Distortion
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Definitions Revisited
IEEE Categories
Std 1159-1995
Long Duration
Variations
Typical
Duration
Sustained interruptions
> 1 min
Under voltages
> 1 min
Over voltages
> 1 min
Voltage imbalance
Steady state
Waveform Distortion
DC offset
Steady state
Harmonics
Steady state
Inter harmonics
Steady state
For Electric Utilities Control of Voltage and Prevention of Outages is Power
Quality
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Sources of PQ Problems
Utility Sources
• Lightning
• PF Correction
Equipment
• Faults
• Switching
Internal Sources
• Individual Loads –Lighting, Elevators, Coolers,
HVAC
• Uninterruptible Power Supplies
• Variable Frequency Drives
• Battery Chargers
• Large Motors During Startup
• Electronic Dimming Systems
• Lighting Ballasts (esp. Electronic)
• Arc Welders, and Other Arc Devices
• Medical Equipment, e.g. MRIs and X-Ray
Machines
• Office Equipment and Computers
• Wiring
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Problems and Possible Causes
Typical problems
Disturbance Type
Possible Causes
Overheated neutral
Intermittent lock-ups
Frequency deviations
Steady-state
Shared neutrals
Improper or inadequate wiring
High source impedance
SCR/Rectifiers and notching
Harmonics
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Problems and Possible Causes
Typical problems
Disturbance Type
Possible Causes
Overheated neutral
Intermittent lock-ups
Frequency deviations
Steady-state
Shared neutrals
Improper or inadequate wiring
High source impedance
SCR/Rectifiers and notching
Harmonics
Interruption
Garbled data
Random increase in harmonics levels
Utility faults
Inrush currents
Inadequate wiring
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Problems and Possible Causes
Typical problems
Disturbance Type
Possible Causes
Overheated neutral
Intermittent lock-ups
Frequency deviations
Steady-state
Shared neutrals
Improper or inadequate wiring
High source impedance
SCR/Rectifiers and notching
Harmonics
Interruption
Garbled data
Random increase in harmonics levels
Intermittent lock-ups
Lights flicker
Garbled data
Utility faults
Inrush currents
Inadequate wiring
Sags/Swell
Source voltage variations
Inrush/surge currents
Inadequate wiring
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Problems and Possible Causes
Typical problems
Disturbance Type
Possible Causes
Overheated neutral
Intermittent lock-ups
Frequency deviations
Steady-state
Shared neutrals
Improper or inadequate wiring
High source impedance
SCR/Rectifiers and notching
Harmonics
Interruption
Garbled data
Random increase in harmonics levels
Utility faults
Inrush currents
Inadequate wiring
Intermittent lock-ups
Lights flicker
Garbled data
Sags/Swell
Source voltage variations
Inrush/surge currents
Inadequate wiring
Component failure
Dielectric breakdown
Lock-ups
Garbled data
Wavy CRTs
Impulses
EMI/RFI
Lightning
Load switching
Capacitor switching
Static discharge
Hand-held radios
Loose wiring/arcing
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Problems and Possible Causes
Typical problems
Disturbance Type
Possible Causes
Overheated neutral
Intermittent lock-ups
Frequency deviations
Steady-state
Shared neutrals
Improper or inadequate wiring
High source impedance
SCR/Rectifiers and notching
Harmonics
Interruption
Garbled data
Random increase in harmonics levels
Utility faults
Inrush currents
Inadequate wiring
Intermittent lock-ups
Lights flicker
Garbled data
Sags/Swell
Source voltage variations
Inrush/surge currents
Inadequate wiring
Component failure
Dielectric breakdown
Lock-ups
Garbled data
Wavy CRTs
Impulses
EMI/RFI
Lightning
Load switching
Capacitor switching
Static discharge
Hand-held radios
Loose wiring/arcing
Overheated transformers and motors
Voltage and current distortions
Garbled data
Lock-ups
Harmonics
Electronic loads
SCR/rectifier
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Major PQ Problems
Outages,
6%
Spikes, 7%
Swells,
Sags, 56%
31%
Source: EPRI, 1994
Swells
Sags (Dips)
System fault conditions
Associated with system faults
Switching on a large capacitor bank
Switching of heavy loads
Switching off a large load
Starting of large motors
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Cost of Voltage Sags
Textile Industry
Plastics Industry
Glass Industry
Process Industry
Semiconductors
$1k
$10k
$100k
$1M
$10M
Source: EPRI “The Economics of Custom Power”, IEEE T&D Show 2003
Losses per Voltage Sag Event
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Cost of Momentary Outages
Momentary Outages
create problems when
computers and clocks
reset, equipment stalls,
and work stops.
Category
Industrial
Semiconductor Manufacturing
Electronics
Automobile Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical
Glass
Rubber and Plastics
Petrochemical
Food Processing
Textile
Metal Fabrication
Mining
Paper
Printing(Newspapers)
Cost of Momentary Interuption
($/ kW Demand)
Minimum Maximum
Commercial
Hospitals, banks, civil service
Communications, information processing
Resturants, bars, hotels
Commercial shops
$20.0
$8.0
$5.0
$5.0
$4.0
$3.0
$3.0
$3.0
$2.0
$2.0
$2.0
$1.5
$1.0
$60.0
$12.0
$7.5
$50.0
$6.0
$4.5
$5.0
$5.0
$4.0
$4.0
$4.0
$2.5
$2.0
$2.0
$1.0
$0.5
$0.1
$3.0
$10.0
$1.0
$0.5
Source: EPRI “The Economics of Custom Power”, IEEE T&D 2003
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
High Speed Waveform Capture
High Speed Waveform Capture Is the Most Important PQ
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Troubleshooting Tool
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Benefits of Continuous PQ Monitoring
• Power Quality monitoring provides a continuous
“Health Check” of a facility’s power system … for
example:
o
Harmonic interaction between loads and
power conditioning equipment spotted
o
High Inrush currents from equipment
startup detected
o
Transients from load switching are seen
• It provides data to see, diagnose and avert
looming problems – “like squeaky brakes on a
car”
o
Trends can be detected
o
JIT equipment maintenance programs
can be established
• It acts like a “Black Box” on an airplane to tell
you what, when, and where a Power Quality
event occurred … to prevent it from reoccurring
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Continuous PQ Monitoring Detects, Records, and Leads
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
to the Prevention of PQ Problems
1-Apr-16
What is needed for PQ Monitoring?
PQ Monitors must detect and record
the 7 types of PQ problems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Transients
Interruptions
Sag/Under Voltage
Swell/Over Voltage
Waveform Distortion
Voltage Fluctuations
Frequency Variations
These include Flicker and
Compliance to ITI(CBEMA), IEEE
and ISO Standards
Plus they must …
• Be easy to use
• Be Suitable for continuously
monitoring indoors and outdoors
• Interface with standard PQ analysis
Software…PQDif format
• Be fast enough to capture high
speed events that produce
equipment problems
• Have enough storage to save the
waveforms you need
• Have PQ analysis tools that
produce usable, actionable
recommendations
ITI: Information Technology Industry Council (Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturer’s Association)
25
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Power & Power Quality Metering System
High Range PQ
EPM 9000 / 9800
• Up to 512 samples / cycle
• Web server
•.02 accuracy
•Flicker and transients
recording
• Transients Flicker
• High Sampling Rate
• Utility Hardened
• Web Server
• Ladder Logic I/O
Mid Range PQ
PQM II
• Power Quality parameters
• Data logging
• Control options
• Waveform
• Events/Alarms
• Data Logging
• I/Os
Basic Metering
EPM 6000
0.2 revenue class accuracy
New Additions: THD and KYZ pulse option
• 50+ Parameters
• 0.3% Accuracy
• I/Os
• THD, F, PF…..
Sub Metering
• Tenant Metering
• 10-20 Parameters
• .5 % Accuracy
EPM 2000
Low cost – panel mount
Single P/N PL2000
EPM 1000 / EPM 4000
•Wall/Panel mountable enclosure
•Power line carrier capability
•Modbus communication
•Multi-Point monitoring capability
•Energy Aggregator support
Sub Meter
Basic Metering
Mid Range PQ
High Range P
Basic PQ Monitoring to Advanced PQ Monitoring, Detection & Analysis
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
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GE Power Quality Meters
High End PQ Meters
• Power professionals world-wide
rely on GE’s products for their
power monitoring and
communication applications.
• GE’s meters provide high speed
waveform capture, advanced
power quality, multiport
communications and control.
PQMII
EPM9800
EPM9450/965
0
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Power Quality Meter – PQM II
GE Product
PQM II
Application
Power Quality
Product Features
Waveform, Data Logging, I/Os
• All basic electrical parameters
• Data logging and waveform
• Voltage disturbance analyzer
• Analog outputs, digital inputs
• Control relays and KYZ pulses
• Multiple communication ports
• Easy to program and set-up…
EnerVista
• Replaces multiple analog meters
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Power Quality Meter – PQM II
Key Features
•
High accuracy, mid range Power Quality
with many advanced features.
• Waveform capture using set-points for
PQ analysis. Waveform can be triggered by
external equipment (motors) through digital
inputs for capturing start-up current etc….
• Control Relays can open and close at
the pre-programmed (min, max etc) setpoints for alarms and notifications.
Target Applications/Industries
•
Ideal for circuit monitoring for control panels,
switchboards, Motor Control Centers, Power
Distribution Panels.
•
Primary Monitoring of low and medium voltage
application, requiring full metering with over 100
different electrical parameters with data logging and
oscillograph (waveform).
•
Applications requiring Control Relays with set-point
activation, Analog and digital I/Os.
•
Heavy power users for need of clean power - Data
Centers, Pulp and Paper, Oil & Gas…….
•
OEMs, Electrical Panel Manufacturers, Switchgear
manufacturers, Motor Control manufacturers…..
• Analog outputs for power information to
PLCs, RTU and other non digital
communication devices.
• VERY EASY to use , program and setup – comes with free set-up and monitoring
software (launch pad).
• Voltage Disturbance Recording
for electrical up to 500 sag & swell events
• Open Modbus and DNP 3.0
protocol over RS 485 with multi port
communication capability
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Power Quality with Advanced Voltage Disturbance Recorder
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Advanced PQ Meter – EPM 9000/9800
GE Product
•
•
•
Product Features
9450
Advanced Power Quality
Metering
512K Memory for Data-Logging,
waveform; Measures all Electrical
Values
9650
Advanced Power Quality
Metering with Flicker
2 or 4 Meg Memory for Data-Logging
and Waveform capture
Socket Design - Advanced
Power Quality Metering with
Flicker
2 or 4 Meg Memory for Data-Logging
and Waveform capture, local display
9800
•
•
Application
Advance Power Quality with Revenue Metering
Highest Grade Revenue Accuracy - 0.06%
Energy
Advanced Waveform Recording and Analysis –
512 samples /cycle
Built Ethernet 100 Base T – Total Web Solutions
Advanced Control for Load Shedding and
Demand Control
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Advanced PQ Meter – EPM 9000/9800
Key Features:
• High Speed Waveform Recording - With up to 16
to 512 samples per cycle resolution. The unit records
magnitude and duration of events including the
captured waveform. All information is stored in the
on-board mass memory.
• Software and Hardware Triggers - The meters
provides both software and hardware triggers to
record waveform events. This allows the unit to be
used for fault analysis, system apparatus monitoring
and many other applications.
• Extensive Harmonics Analysis – This meter
provides a real- time harmonic analysis to the 128th
order for every channel. This advanced harmonic
recording capability has been traditionally available
only in high-end power quality recorders. Records
THD to the 255th order peak.
• Real Time Phasor Analyzer - The unit monitors
phase angles between the voltage and the currents.
•Web Server Capability – Data from meters is
viewable over the web. Data from the ModBus
devices connected to the meter can also be viewed.
Target Applications/Industries:
•
Primary Monitoring of low medium and high voltage
application, requiring full metering, with data logging,
controls and high speed oscillography (waveform).
•
Remote monitoring over the web using web pages
•
Applications requiring Control Relays with set-point
activation, Analog and digital I/Os.
•
Heavy power users for need of clean power - Data
Centers, Microprocessor Chip Manufacturers Pulp and
Paper, Oil & Gas…….
•
OEMs, Electrical Panel Manufacturers, Switchgear
manufacturers, Motor Control manufacturers…..
•Expandable I/O Modules for Analysis and Control
Advance PQ Analysis with Revenue Class Accuracy
31
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Advanced PQ Meter – EPM 9000/9800
Target Applications/Industries:
•
Primary Monitoring of low medium and high
voltage application, requiring full metering, with
data logging, controls and high speed
oscillography (waveform).
•
Remote monitoring over the web using web
Key Features:
pages
•
Applications requiring Control Relays with setpoint activation, Analog and digital I/Os.
•
Heavy power users for need of clean power Data Centers, Microprocessor Chip
Manufacturers Pulp and Paper, Oil & Gas…….
•
OEMs, Electrical Panel Manufacturers,
Switchgear manufacturers, Motor Control
manufacturers…..
• High Speed Waveform Recording - With up to 16 to 512 samples per
cycle resolution. The unit records magnitude and duration of events
including the captured waveform. All information is stored in the on-board
mass memory.
• Software and Hardware Triggers - The meters provides both software
and hardware triggers to record waveform events. This allows the unit to
be used for fault analysis, system apparatus monitoring and many other
applications.
• Extensive Harmonics Analysis – This meter provides a real- time
harmonic analysis to the 128th order for every channel. This advanced
harmonic recording capability has been traditionally available only in highend power quality recorders. Records THD to the 255th order peak.
• Real Time Phasor Analyzer - The unit monitors phase angles between
the voltage and the currents.
•Web Server Capability – Data from meters is viewable over the web.
Data from the ModBus devices connected to the meter can also be
viewed.
Advance PQ Analysis with•Expandable
Revenue
Class
Accuracy
I/O Modules
for Analysis
and Control
32
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Real Time Field Recorded Events
Source: AGA Brazil
Meter: EPM9650
Period: Jan 2005 – Dec
2005
Continuous Monitoring of the Station for PQ Problems33
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
PQ Meter ITI Capture
ITI Acceptable Power
Disturbance Envelope
Damage Inducing Voltage
Surges as Recorded
Equipment Interrupting
Voltage Sags as Recorded
ITI: Information Technology Industry Council (Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturer’s Association)
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Instantaneous Sag Event
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Instantaneous Swell Event
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Harmonic & Interharmonic Spectrum
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Flicker Recording
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Flicker Recording
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Summary
GE Multilin provides the necessary tools for a successful PQ
disturbance analysis and allows users to take remedial actions
Symptoms
Feels the pulse of the
power system network
Examinations Accurate Measurement to
determine actual state
High resolution recordings
for longer durations
Diagnosis
GE Communicator
software
Remedy
Remedial actions
40
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16
Finally…
If You Can’t Measure it You Can’t Manage
it
If You Can Measure it You Can Manage
it
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GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin
1-Apr-16