Transcript Work Area Safety

Chapter 1 Cabling and Safety
Overview
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Chapter Objectives
• Learn about the Cabling Industry and the
Cabling Job Market
• Examine Safety Codes and Standards
• Discuss Safety Around Electricity
• Discuss Lab and Workplace Safety
Practices
• Learn about Personal Safety Equipment
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Analog Telephony
• A telephone network needs a cable run between
each residence or business and a central
telephone office
• With the popularization of the telephone, the
quality of the connection became important. At
the same time, the need to standardize
installation practices, equipment, and materials
was realized
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Voice Cabling
• Typically, telephone cabling consists of two wires
• These two wires are twisted around each other
to prevent signals from one pair leaking into the
other. This type of wiring is called twisted-pair
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Structured Cabling
• The concept of using a single wiring scheme to
handle all voice, data, and other services like
video is called structured cabling
• Structured cabling also includes all the devices
that cable is pulled through, the equipment to
which the cable is terminated, and electronic
devices that connect users and resources
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Emerging Cable Technologies
• Fiber-optic is a type of cable that uses pulses of
light to transmit data through glass threads
• Wireless uses radio or microwave signals as a
tool for transmitting data or voice
• High-speed access technologies:
•Cable TV has great potential as a bandwidth delivery
mechanism
•Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a group of technologies
that uses carrier signals on the existing wires of the
telephone system to carry high-speed digital data
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Costs of Poor Cabling
• The job of the cable installer is to provide good,
technically accurate cabling between all of the
communications devices that make up the
network
• It is more economical for customers to pay a little
more up front to make sure the job is done right,
conforms to standards, and is scalable
• Network administrators waste time
troubleshooting problems caused by poor
installation
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Cabling Industry Jobs
• Entry-level installer
• Installation supervisor
• Project manager
• Cabling design engineer
• Marketing representative
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Safety Codes
• Employee safety - Stay alert, think ahead, and
wear appropriate protective gear to help stay
safe
• Workplace safety - Work with others in a way
that does not endanger them
• Public safety - Take precaution in all work
conditions
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Public Safety Organizations
• National, state, and local codes - Follow all
building codes, whether they are on the local,
state, or national level
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Electrical Safety
• Cable wiring works with low-voltage, but nearby
network and electrical equipment run on 110-240
volts, which is dangerous
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Hazardous Voltages
• Hazardous voltages can be found in unfinished
spaces and access areas such as those found
above ceilings, in equipment rooms, or in
telecommunications rooms
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Electrical Safety
• Keep an eye out for abnormal circumstances
such as circuit breaker boxes with the covers
removed, frayed or loose cords, and damaged
equipment
• Pay particular attention to other devices and
other workers in the work area
• Never touch a cable that might be "live" with both
hands, because a complete circuit could be
formed. Always keep one hand off of the cable
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Precautions Around Lightning
• All outside equipment must be properly grounded
• Avoid wiring in or near damp areas
• Never install or connect copper wiring during an
electrical storm
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Voltage Safety Check
• Before starting any job, test
nearby cables for voltage
levels using a multimeter or
voltage tester
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Proper Grounding
• Proper grounding provides:
• Protection from high voltages
• Power faults such as electrical shorts
• A proper path for lightning
• Dissipation of electrostatic charges
• A zero volt reference for signaling and metering
voltage
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GFCIs
• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) stop
the flow of electrons and reduce the hazard of
electrical shock and fire. These devices protect
personnel, buildings, and the lab from harmful
electricity
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Bonding
• Bonding provides a means for various wiring
fixtures to interconnect with the grounding
system
• A networking or electronic device may have a
bonding strap between its case and a ground
circuit to ensure a good connection
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Purpose of Grounding and Bonding
• Properly installed bonding and grounding will:
• Minimize electrical surge (spike) effects
• Maintain the integrity of the electrical grounding
plant
• Provide a safer and more effective path to
ground
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Grounding Standards
• The National Electric Code (NEC) has standards
for grounding which must be followed by all
installers and electricians working in the United
States
• International installers and electricians should
check with local governments as to the
grounding standards in their countries
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Six Feet of Separation Rule
• Allow 6 feet, or 1.8 m, between voice and data
cabling and high-voltage wiring
• The noise from electrical circuits or devices,
known as electromagnetic interference (EMI),
can interfere with data signals, thus distorting
them and causing general communications
problems
• It minimizes the possibility of accidental contact
with hazardous voltages
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Electrostatic Discharge
• Electrostatic discharge (ESD), more commonly
known as static electricity, can be the most
damaging and uncontrollable form of electricity
• Static electricity shocks can be disastrous for
computers
• Good grounding and bonding can prevent
damage from static electricity because they pass
static bursts to the ground
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Preventing ESD
• Always wear wrist straps when working inside
computer equipment
• Set computer equipment on ESD protective mats
when working inside them
• Use a humidifier when working in a cool, dry
environment
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ESD Workspace
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Lab and Workplace Safety
• Turn off power before working inside walls,
ceilings, or attics
• Never touch power cables
• Be aware of sharp objects, exposed wires, dirt,
and dust
• Be aware of other people working in the area
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Work Area Safety
• Survey work area beforehand
• Ask building supervisor if you could come in
contact with dangerous materials (chemicals,
asbestos, or lead)
• Keep area clean and neat
• Locate fire extinguishers
• Use fire-rated cables in plenum areas and riser
cables between floors
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Other Work Area Hazards
• Water
• Weather
• Noise
• Fumes
• Heights
• Rodents and insects
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Ladder Safety
• Select the right ladder for
the job
• Inspect the ladder
• Set the ladder properly and
safely, and secure the area
around the ladder
• Climb and descend
cautiously
• Work on the ladder safely
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Fiber-Optic Safety
• Always wear safety glasses with side shields
• Always work in a well-ventilated area
• Place a mat on the table to collect all glass
shards. Use masking tape to remove glass
shards from hands and clothing
• Do not touch eyes while working with fiber-optic
systems
• Clean work areas thoroughly, and dispose of
glass shards in proper, approved sharps
containers
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First Aid Kit
• Every work area should
have a first aid kit
available
• Periodically check that it
is fully stocked
• Make sure that it
contains an eye wash
cup for debris
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Fire Safety
• Call for help immediately if the fire cannot be
quickly and safely extinguished
• Notify others in the building that there is a fire by
activating the fire alarm or yelling “Fire!”
• Only fight a small fire if you are certain that it is
safe to do so
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Fire Extinguisher Ratings
• A – Ordinary materials (burning paper,
lumber, cardboard, plastics)
• B – Flammable and combustible
liquids (gasoline, kerosene, solvents)
• C – Electrical equipment such as
appliances, switches, panel boxes,
and power tools
• D – Combustible metals such as
magnesium, titanium, potassium, and
sodium
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Injury Prevention
• Follow all national, industry, and workplace
safety rules
• Training is essential when working with
electricity, power tools, or any other potential
hazardous equipment
• Use safety equipment
• Be alert and act professionally
• Stay current on issues related to safety and
health in the workplace
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Personal Safety Equipment
Wearing protective clothing and gear can prevent
an injury or make one less severe
• Safety goggles
• Ear plugs and muffs
• Respirators and dust masks
• Protective gloves
• Work boots
• Hard hat
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