Transcript Smart Micro-grid with Rooftop Solar System


To the Inauguration of
“The Energy Centre”
th
26
- Feb - 2014
Dr.
R. Ramarathnam
Chairman
Basil
Energetics Private Ltd., Chennai
• India (along with China) is a very energy intensive economy
• India uses nearly 6 times more energy than Japan to produce
the same amount of output (GDP)
• It is also the 3rd largest polluter of the world
• Energy demand is growing rapidly in India, almost at 10% p.a
• The growth of energy demand is even higher in less developed
states like UP, Bihar, etc.
• Peak power shortage in the country is 18 ~ 19%
 70% of about 247 million households in India lack modern amenities
 Emerging middle class is rapidly taking to appliances like air conditioner &
refrigerators
 Air conditioner market is growing at 35%
 Only 2% of the households have air conditioners
 The present per capita consumption of about 775 kWh/annum will rise swiftly as
India grows
 To cater to this increasing demand an additional 88 GW is needed in the next 3 - 4
years
 Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy can play a significant role in bridging this
gap.
•
Installed renewable capacity - 28950 MW (Aug
2013)
•
66% of this is accounted for by wind energy, which
is not quite reliable and is seasonal
•
Rooftop solar constitute only 3% of the above
•
Rooftop solar has a huge untapped potential.
•
This is reliable and India has 300 sunny days in
almost all the places

It is a low hanging fruit and is the shortest way to achieve Energy security

Managing the demand side is much easier than putting up additional generation
capacity

McKinsey estimates that spending about 170 Billion USD annually will reduce:


Growth in Energy Demand by 50%

CO2 emission by 50%

Global annual energy costs by 900 Billion USD
Emerging economies with huge constraints to build infastructure should focus on
Energy Efficiency
• Annual energy consumption is projected to grow from the
present 71500 Million units to 87000 M units by the end of
2016.
• Additional generating capacity of 7310 MW by the end of 12th
plan
• Even then a deficit of around 11% would remain by 2016.
• Things would be much worse if the India economy picks up on
growth.
• The state could miss out on the growth parameters if the
energy issue is not sorted out quickly

Most of the present work is related to Lights

Motors account for nearly 60 ~ 65% of the electricity consumption

Nearly 50% would be accounted by air conditioners, refrigerators
& pumps

Existing BEE norms are quite lenient and way behind global trends

SEEP (Super Efficient Equipment Program) of BEE plans to target
only fans first

EE coupled with RE would represent a paradigm shift in ensuring
‘Energy Security’ to the country
Battery
Charge
Controller
Inverter
PV
Panel
Lights &
Fans
 Existing inefficient appliances are used
 Motorised appliances, with large starting currents are not
included
 Refrigerator & Air conditioner not included
 Battery charge controller & Inverters are needed
 Loss of efficiency could be significant
 Battery maintenance & Replacement cost are important issues
 Overall cost is quite high
 Rooftop area required is also high
Micro Wind
Micro Hydel
Solar Panel
Bio Gas Generator
Grid
Inverter
Battery Bank
Air Conditioner
Ceiling Fan
LED Lights
Submersible Pump
Refrigerator
• Use of Super Efficient Appliances
• All appliances operate directly from DC or AC
• Soft starting - no starting current
• No Inverter
• No battery, unless critical backup is needed
• MPPT enables the use of solar power to the maximum extent
• When excess power is available in the panels, (load is less than
generation), the same can be fed to the grid when the rules
permit
• Central Grid Controller (CGC) monitors the power
available in the panels and also the load requirements so
that:
• All the appliances run from DC when sunshine is
available
• In case of cloudy conditions, maximum power available
in the panels is used
• When sunshine is not there, the appliances run from
the utility mains
• No costs when sunshine is available
• When running from AC Mains, the following advantages accrue:
• The power bill comes down by at least 50%
• The power factor is near unity for all the appliances - tariff
incentives can be availed of
• Wide voltage fluctuations in the input supply voltage are
permissible - 100/150 V ~ 270 V (No stabilisers are needed)
• Credits from the EB for excess power fed back to the grid
Item
Existing 5 Star New Super
Efficient
1.5 Ton AC
1800 W
1200 initially
500 afterwards
330 Litre
Refrigerator
1200 mm Ceiling
Fan
LED Tube Light 4’
180 W
100 initially
40 afterwards
55 W
25 W
LED Bulb
--
16 W
--
5W
Load
Small
Home
Midsize
Home
Refrigerator 330 L
1
1
Air Conditioner
-
One
1 Ton
Ceiling Fan 48”
3
4
LED TL 4’ 16W
3
4
LED Bulb 3/5 W
5
5
Conventional
New Solution
940,000
1000000
Rupees
800000
600000
400000
200000
350,000
200,000
400,000
0
Small Home
Mid Size Home
Conventional
6000
5,000
Watts
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
2,000
1,440
600
0
Small Home
Mid Size Home


Thin Film PV panels instead of polycrystalline types
Building Integrated Photo Voltaic (BIPV) for high rise
buildings

Grid connectivity as and when the rules permit

More hybrid appliances to be added

Working on improved and long life batteries for
electricity storage
•
•
•
•
The new solution specifically addresses heavy motorised
loads
When Net metering is allowed, excess energy can be fed
back to the grid
Other RE sources like Micro Wind, PICO Hydel,
Biomass/Biogas can be added to the micro grid
All large users, including homes, can be persuaded to
deploy the new solution, thereby eliminating the power
cuts altogether
Thank
You