Transcript Vascular tissue

Plants
Chapter 21-29
AHSGE Std. 10
Characteristics of Plants
Multicellular
 Eukaryotic
 Photosynthetic
 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light energy 
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
 Have cell walls made of cellulose
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2 Categories of Plants
Non Vascular
Does not have
vascular tissue or
true roots, leaves, or
stems
Vascular
Have roots, stems,
leaves, xylem,
Phloem
Non vascular plants
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reproduction and survival depend on
water. They MUST live in moist
environments.
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examples:
mosses
 liverwarts
 Hornwarts
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Vascular Plants
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Examples:
Ferns
 Club mosses
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Vascular Tissue
Vascular tissue—tissue in plant that
transports food/water
 Vascular refers to veins
 Xylem: transports water and minerals
 Phloem: transports food/nutrients
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Not all plants have vascular tissue
 Is a basis for dividing plants into different
phyla
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Seedless vascular plants
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have vascular system, but
don’t produce seeds
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ex: fern
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Leaves= fronds
Produce spores
3 divisions
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Lycophyta – Club mosses
Arthrophyta- horsetails
Pterophyta- ferns
Vascular seed plants
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Seed—protective
structure where
embryonic plant can
be stored until
conditions are
favorable for growth
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Seeds allow for
greater reproductive
success
FYI
Non-Seed Plants vs. Seed Plants
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Hepaticophyta
Anthocerophyta
Bryophyta
Psilophyta
Lycophyta
Arthophyta
Pterophyta
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Cycadophyta
Gnetophyta
Gingophyta
Coniferophyta
Anthophyta
Two types of seed plants:
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Gymnosperms (4 phyla)
Angiosperms (1 large phylum)
Gymnosperms (“naked seeds”)
Seeds are not
protected by a fruit
 Examples:
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Ginko biloba
Conifers—plants
with seeds inside
cones and needlelike leaves
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Pines, firs, cedars,
redwoods
Angiosperms
Flowering plants
 Seeds are protected by
fruit
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Produce fruits with 1 or
more seeds
Fruit—ripened ovary of
flower
Fruit aid in seed
dispersal
Examples: maple trees,
apple trees, wildflowers,
herbs, azaleas, grass,
oak trees, poplar trees
Two Types of Angiosperms
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Monocot
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Ex. Corn, grass
Dicot
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Ex. Trees, shrubs, sunflowers, most flowers
Two types of angiosperms
Flower Structure
Plant adaptations to living on
land:

cuticles—waxy coating
on the outside of plant
that prevents water loss
 Leaves—broad flat
structures (usually) that
trap light energy for
photosynthesis
 Roots—structures that
allow plants to obtain
water/nutrients from
soil
Plant adaptations

Stem- plant organ that
provides support for growth
and food storage.
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spores and seeds—
structures that keep
reproductive cells from
drying out
Xylem- transports
water & dissolved
substances
Phloem—transports
dissolved sugar
Plant Tissues
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Stomata
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Controls the
exchange of
gases
Helps control
water loss.
Guard Cells
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Control the
opening &
closing of the
stomata
Flower Structure
Flowers are reproductive structures for
angiosperms
 Produce fruit and seeds
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Plant Organs
Petal
Structure: leaf like, usually
colorful structures at top of
stem
Function: attract
pollinators
Sepal
S: leaf like, usually
green structure that
encircle flower stem
below petal
F: to protect
developing flower
Plant Organs
Pistil
S: located at center of
flower, top of stem
F: female reproductive part
Style—the “stalk” that
supports stigma
Stigma—top of style;
sticky or hairy structure
that traps pollen grains
Ovary—enlarged base of pistil;
contains one egg
Stigma
Style
Petal
Ovary
Sepal
Receptacle
Peduncle
Plant Organs
Anther
Stigma
Stamen
Filament
Style
Petal
Stamen
Ovary
Sepal
Receptacle
Peduncle
S: located inside of
petals
F: male reproductive
part
Anther—top
part of stamen,
produces pollen
Filament—
“stalk” that
Process of angiosperm
reproduction
Pollination—transfer of pollen from an
anther to a stigma
Happens before fertilization
 Pollen is transferred to stigma by wind or
animals
 After pollen lands, a pollen tube grows
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Angiosperm Reproduction
Angiosperm Reproduction
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Pollen tube—
extension that allows
sperm to reach egg
inside ovary
Angiosperm cont’d
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Angiosperms have
“double fertilization”
meaning one sperm
fertilizes egg and other
sperm joins with another
cell to form endosperm
(nutrients).
 Seeds contain both
endosperm AND
embryonic plant
Types of Flowers
Complete flowers—have all 4 plant
organs
 Incomplete flowers—lack 1 or more
organs (ex: lack male organs)
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