Transcript A PROJECT REPORT PRESENTATION ON DETERMINATION OF

A PROJECT REPORT PRESENTATION
ON DETERMINATION OF SEVERITY
AND INCIDENCE OF COMMON BEAN
RUST
NAME; OTSIENO ODIPO MATTHEW
A22/0037/2007
SUPERVISOR; Dr. Muthomi
INTRODUCTION
• Common bean is a legume in the family
leguminosae.
• Common bean rust has a world wide
distribution.
• Ideal conditions are cool to moderate
temperatures for spores to develop.
• Disease incidence is the proportion of
individual sampling units on which the disease
is present.
Cont…..
• Disease severity is how much disease that is
present within a sampling area.
• Common bean rust is caused by a fungus,
Uromyces appendiculatus.
• The fungus completes its entire life cycle on
the bean host.
• It occurs on aerial parts of the bean plant.
PHOTOGRAPHS OF COMMON BEAN
RUST
Cont..
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Common bean rust is a major limitation in bean
production as a result of the effects
it causes. These effects include; loss in yield, loss in the
quality of produce and increase in the cost of
production of beans.
JUSTIFICATION
• My research is intended to come up with better ways
and methods of controlling bean rust in beans
Broad objectives
• To determine incidence and severity of
common bean rust at the field station
Specific objective
• To determine the effect of common bean rust
on the quality of produce at the field station
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Determination of disease severity
• Four plots prepared
• Four rows planted per plot
• For control, the field divided into halves to
establish two treatments
• One not treated and the other one treated with a
fungicide, Oshothane [Mancozeb 80 wp]
• Individual plants observed
Cont…
Disease incidence
• All plants in the two halves were counted
independently
• Out of the counted plants, those infected with
rust were identified and counted
• The infected plants were then substracted from
the total number of plants in the field
RESULTS
• Results were taken in three stages of bean
growth
• The stages were early stage, mid stage and
during the stage of pod formation
• Results were analyzed using anova
• Gens tat was used as a statistical tool
Table [a] showing the effect of
fungicide on disease severity
treatment
Sampling period
Mean severity
1
2
3
T1
7.75
1.68
T2
2.37
2
% cv
34.1
lcd
1.68
12
8.96
2.62 2.33
% decrease over
control
74
0
Graph [a] showing the effect of
fungicide on severity
14
12
Severity [%]
10
8
T1
6
T2
4
2
0
1
2
3
period
4
Table [b] showing the effect of
fungicide on Disease incidence
Treatment
Sampling period
1
2
Mean severity
%
decrease
over
control
3
T1
14.62 16.38 12.88
14.6
76
T2
2.37
3.5
0
% cv
18.8
lcd
1.48
3.37 4.62
Graph [b] showing the effect of
fungicide on disease incidence
18
16
14
Incidence[%]
12
10
T1
8
T2
6
4
2
0
1st
2nd
3rd
period
mean
DISCUSSION
• Favorable environmental conditions promoted
common bean rust
• Rust was first detected at the mid stage of
bean growth
• Rust increased significantly at the stage of pod
formation
• Towards maturity, severity decreased[graph a]
Cont…
• The decrease was due to presence of fewer
leaves due to senescence on lower leaves
• On unsprayed halve, both the incidence and
severity was high[graph [a] and graph [b]
• On the sprayed halve , both severity and
incidence were low [graph a and graph b]
• Fungicide hence reduced both the severity
and incidence of common bean rust
CONCLUSION
• Adequate moisture and cool conditions favors
common bean rust
• Fungicides reduce both the incidence and
severity of common bean rust
• Both severity and incidence were high during
the stage of pod formation