Transcript Applying Pesticides

Applying Pesticides
Pesticide Management
Identifying Common Pests
• Sites = infested areas
• Target = pest that pesticide is intended
for
• Host = animal or plant that is to be
protected
Classifications of Pesticides
• Insects
Insecticide
• Mites
Miticide
• Mites, ticks and
spiders
Acaricide
• Snails & Slugs
Molluscicide
• Fungi
Fungicide
• Nematodes
Nematicide
• Bacteria
Bactericide
Classifications of Pesticides
• Weeds
Herbicide
• Predatory Animal
Predacide
• Rodents
Rodenticide
• Birds
Avicide
• Fish
Piscicide
• Plant Growth
Plant Growth
Regulators
• Leaves on Plants
Defoliant, Dessicant
Pesticide Characteristics
• “Pesticide” = substance intended to
prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any
pest
– also; plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant
Pesticide Characteristics
• Chemical Basis of Pesticides
• Synthetic Organic Pesticides are man
made
– Malathion, 2,4-D
• Plant Derived Organic Pesticides are
made from parts of plants
• Inorganic Pesticides are made from
minerals
– Lead Arsenate
Pesticide Characteristics
• Toxicity of Pesticides
• Refers to how poisonous a pesticide is to
warm blooded animals
• Danger = Highly Toxic
– Skull & Crossbones and “Poison”
• Warning = Moderately Toxic
• Caution = Slightly Toxic
Pesticide Characteristics
• Use of Pesticide
• Specific uses
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
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Stomach Poison = kills when swallowed
Contact Poison = sprayed directly on pest
Fumigants = gas inhaled or absorbed
Translocated Herbicides = kills plants by
being absorbed by roots
• Systemics = will kill pest when it eats the
host, but doesn’t harm host
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
• Sterilants = pests are unable to reproduce
• Anticoagulants = prevents normal blood
clotting
• Pheromones = change the normal
behavior of pests
• Protectants = prevent pest entry
Effect of Pesticides on Pests
• Plant Growth Regulators = control the
rate of growth of plants
• Defoliants and Dessicants = cause plants
to shed their leaves
Pesticide Characteristics
• Persistence of Pesticides refers to how
long the Pesticide remains in the
environment
• Pesticide must break down to a harmless
residue before harvest
• May be a time delay for safe consumption
Formulation of Pesticides
• Form in which chemical is available
• Liquid Formulations:
Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E) mix with
water
Solution (S) is ready to use
Flowable (F) Thick liquid, mix with water
to form a suspension
Formulation of Pesticides:
Liquid
• Fumigant, pressurized container turns to
gas
• Aerosol (A) applied from a pressurized
can or special sprayer
Formulation of Pesticides: Dry
• Dusts (D) must be used dry
• Granules (G) larger than dust, must be
used dry
• Wettable Powder (WP or W) looks like
dust, must be mixed with water, aggitate
• Soluble Powder (SP) dissolves in water
• Baits: pesticide mixed with attractant
Selectivity of Pesticides
• A selective pesticide kills some pests and
not others
• Ex: kills only broadleaf plants or only
grasses
• Non-selectives kill many pests
• Ex: Roundup kills all plants
Reading the Label
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The label is a “Legal Document”
Read and follow directions on the label
What you will find on the label:
Use Classification:
– “General Use” can be applied by anyone
– “Restricted Use” certified applicators or
under their direct supervision
Reading the Label
• Brand Name: Roundup
• Common Name: made up name for the
active ingredient (not all have one)
• Chemical Name: words that you can’t
pronounce to identify chemicals in
product
• Formulation: Dry, Soluble, WP
• Ingredients: must be identified by
chemical and common name except inert
ingredients
Reading the Label
• Signal Words: “Danger” “Warning”
“Caution”
• Child Hazard Statement: “Keep out of
reach of children”
• Statement of Practical Treatment: first
aid
• Reentry Statement: if applicable, time to
wait before reentering field treated
Reading the Label
• Precautionary Statements: possible
hazards to humans, environment etc
• Name & Address of manufacturer
• EPA registration number
• EPA establishment number
• Net Contents
Reading the Label
• Directions for Use:
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Misuse statement
pests it will control (target)
where it may be applied (sites)
types of equipment to use
restrictions for protection of environment
frequency and timing of application
storage and disposal of pesticide and
container
Who can use pesticides?
• Anyone can buy & use pesticides
classified for General Use
• Restricted Use pesticides can only be used
by Certified Applicators and employees
• Private Applicators: use on your own
crops
• Commercial Applicators: for hire
Liabilities Involved
• Follow all directions for use on the label
• Never leave pesticides where children or
animals me be exposed
• Never apply where rain or irrigation runoff
may cause pollution
• Minimize probability of drift
– low wind
– coolest part of day
– largest practical nozzle size
Pesticides enter the body via:
• Dermal: through the skin
• Ingestion: swallowing
• Inhalation: breathing
Liabilities Involved
• Check label for re-entry period
• Keep records of all injuries
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medical treatment
loss of consciousness
loss of work
transfer to another job
death
Pesticide Records
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What pesticide purchased
application dates
name of applicator
target (pest), site (crop)
severity of infestation
equipment used
amounts of pesticide used
Transporting Pesticides
• Pesticides must be in original packages
• Vehicle must have correct warning sign
• Must not be hauled in same vehicle as
food
• Notify DOT if someone is killed, seriously
injured, or serious damage
• Report spillage on a public road
What Pesticide to Use
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Identify Pest
Become familiar with many methods of control
Estimate level of infestation
Compare methods of application
Remember all hazards
Select pesticide for best control & least hazard
Methods of Application
• Spraying: most popular method
• Granular Application: on plowed soil,
grass
• Dusting: for dusts
• Fogging: insect control
• Dipping: livestock, lumber
Protective Clothing
• Coveralls or long sleeved shirt and long
pants
• Raincoat or liquid proof apron
• Hard hat or other water proof hat
• Unlined neoprene boots
• Unlined neoprene gloves (above wrists)
• Goggles or face shield
• Respirator
Types of Respirators
• Cartridge: chemical filter for low level
pesticide concentrations
• Chemical Canister: higher levels
• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus:
compressed air bottle
First Aid
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Immediately, notify a doctor
Remove contaminated clothes
Wash skin with water and detergent
Flush eyes with running water for at least 15
minutes (low pressure)
• If swallowed, check label for treatment (only
induce vomiting if recommended)
• Inhaled, get fresh air, lie down
Signs and Symptoms Mild Poisoning:
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Irritation of: skin, eyes, nose & throat
Headache
Weakness
Nausea
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Signs and Symptoms:
Moderate Poisoning
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Blurred vision, difficult breathing
Poor muscle coordination, rapid pulse
Flushed skin, constriction of pupils
Stomach cramps, vomiting
Muscle twitches
Signs and Symptoms: Severe
Poisoning
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Convulsions, inability to breath
Loss of consciousness
Secretions from the mouth and nose
Possible fever
May be fatal
Storing Pesticides
• Store in original containers is a safe, dry,
locked and well ventilated place
Disposing of Empty Containers
• After emptying containers, rinse 3 times
and pour rinse water in sprayer
• Dispose of container as directed
Group I Containers
• Burn in special incinerators
• Burn in small numbers in the open
• Bury in special landfill or singly at least
18 inches deep in open field
• Exception: containers which held lead,
mercury, cadmium or arsenic
Group II Containers
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Containers won’t burn
Crush and bury as in Group I
Deliver to scrap metal dealer
If reusable, rinse and return to supplier
Group III Containers
• Held mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or
inorganic pesticides
• Rinse tree times
• Bury in sanitary landfill