Transcript Modified Stems

Objectives:
1. To recognize different plant structures
2. To understand different functions of plant
structures
3. To learn the terminology used to identify plant
structures
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There is tremendous
diversity in the plant
kingdom
Yet, flowering plants
have certain
structures and
functions in
common
lilly pad
vs.
cactus
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Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves,
flowers and roots
Vegetative
Reproductive
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Photosynthesis
Light is intercepted and plant
sugars are manufactured
Large flattened surface for
maximum absorption of light
energy
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Vein
Midrib
Petiole
Stem
Stipule
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pinnate
palmate
parallel
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palmate
bipinnate
pinnate
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Needles
Broad Leaf
Scale-like
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opposite
whorled
alternate
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linear
ovate
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lanceolate
cordate
obovate
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serrate
dentate
entire
lobed
crenate
sinuate
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Functions
• Support leaves and buds,
branches and reproductive
structures
• Conduits for transporting
water, minerals and
manufactured food
• Some are modified for
storage
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Two Basic Stem Types
Differ in arrangement of vascular
tissue xylem and phloem
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phloem
cambium
xylem
Dicot
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phloem
Monocot
xylem
cambium
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node
internode
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Stolon
Horizontal stem growing
on soil surface
(strawberry plant)
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Rhizome
Grows horizontally at or just
below soil surface
(iris)
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Tuber
Enlarged portion of
underground stem
(potato plant)
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Functions
fibrous root
•
•
Anchor plant
Nutrient and water
absorption
• Food storage
• Two basic root
systems:
1. fibrous root
2. tap root
tap root
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Functions
Reproduction
Attract pollinators
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stigma
style
Stamen
anther
filament
pistil
ovary
petal
sepal
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Perfect and
Complete Flowers
• Complete – flower has
stamens, pistil, petals and
sepals
• Incomplete – one of these
four parts is missing
• Perfect – flower has
functional stamens and
pistil
• Imperfect – stamens or
pistil is absent
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spike
umbel
raceme
corymb
solitary
head
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•
•
•
Mature ovary
Seeds are ovules
Ovary wall may be
fleshy
• Example fruit types
• pome
• pod
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•
•
Matured ovule
Parts
• seed coat – protective coating
• embryo – miniature plant
• endosperm – food storage organ
embryo area
seed coat
endosperm
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Two cotyledons (seed leaves)
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One cotyledon (seed leaf)
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Name the following:
1. Name this venation.
3. Name this leaf
margin.
4. Name this
inflorescence. 36
2. Name this leaf attachment.
Acknowledgements:
Acquaah, George. Horticulture: Principles and Practices. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, 1999.
Harris, James G. and Melinda Woolf. Plant Identification Terminology: An
Illustrated Glossary. Utah: Spring Lake Publishing, 1994.
Northington, David K., Goodin, J.R. The Botanical World. Missouri: C.V.
Mosby Company, 1984.
Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification,
Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. Illinois:
Stipes Publishing Company, 1975.
Still, Steven M. Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Illinois: Stipes
Publishing Company, 1994.
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