Transcript hydrologie a ochrana vody

HYDROLOGY AND WATER
PROTECTION
Výukový materiál EK 01 - 28
Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná
Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
HYDROSPHERE
• A water cover of the Earth
Surface water
Oceans
Seas
Lakes
Glaciers
Snow
Subsurface
water
Soil water
Groundwater
Water in live
organisms
Plants
Animals
Water in the
atmosphere
WATER
• 1. sea water – 97 %
• 2. fresh water – 3 %
▫ A) running = lotic (springs, streams, rivers)
▫ B) standing = lentic (lakes, ponds, pools…)
WATER
• Water is in all three states (gaseous, liquid,
solid)
• It is in a constant circulation
• It changes states
WATER INFLUENCE ON WATER
ORGANISMS
• WATER DENSITY:
• Lifting
big organisms (a rorqual)
• It influences a shape of a body
hydrodynamic
• SURFACE TENSION:
• Indusium
• Neuston = plankton near the surface
• Pleuston = organisms on the surface of the
indusium (a water measurer)
THE INFLUANCE ON WATER ORGANISMS
• HYDROSTATIC PRESURE:
• Organisms tolerate pressure increase up to a
certain point
• Sudden pressure changes are dangerous
• LIGHT PERMEABILITY:
• Light intensity is reduced by depth
• Turbidity (dirtiness, organisms…) reduces water
transparency
• Euphonical layer = lighten enough,
photosynthesis dominates breathing
WATER INFLUENCE ON WATER
ORGANISMS
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TEMPERATURE:
A limiting factor of water environment
The warmer water the less oxygen
OXYGEN:
Its content fluctuates in water (temperature,
atmospheric pressure)
WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND
ORGANISMS
• Water on dry land is a limiting factor
• Animal adaptation to the increased amount of
water:
▫ Higher release
▫ Hydrophobic surface of a body (greasy fur,
feathers)
▫ Lower concentration of body fluids
• Animal adaptation to the decreased amount of
water:
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Reduction of sweat glands
Brighter body colouring
Waterproof body surface
Concentrated and dry excrements
WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND
ORGANISMS
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Plants:
Water receiving mainly by roots
We divide them according to demands on water:
Hydrofyts = water (a duckweed)
Hygrofyts = hydrophilous (a kingcup)
Mezofyts = not high demands (a marguerite)
Xerofyts = xerophilus (a kavyl)
WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND
ORGANISMS
• Plant adaptation to lower amount of
water:
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Long roots
Hears
Thick cuticula
Stock organs
Leaves reduction
Adaptation of metabolism
PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION
• A. biological pollution
▫ Dung-water
▫ Sewage
▫ Waste (starch factories, sugar factories…)
• B. chemical pollution
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Oil and oil products
Phenols
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Heavy metals
PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION
• C. physical pollution
▫ Radioactive
▫ Thermal
▫ Mechanical
WATER PROTECTION
• Water has a self-cleaning ability up to a certain
point
• Building of sewage treatment plants
• Reduction of consumption of drinking and
supply water
• Prevent seepage of substances with an adverse
impact on down streams
• Responsible intervention of humans into water
relations in the landscape
REVISION:
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1. Hydrology is …………
2. Flushing water =…………….
3. Running water = …………….
4. Water pollution is:
▫ A)………………….
▫ B) …………………
▫ C)………………….
• 5. How did the plants adopt to the decrease of
water amount?
Zdroj:
• HANČOVÁ, Hana, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK.
Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie.
Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Praha: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN 80-7200340-2
• BIČÍK, Ivan, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní
obraz Země: učebnice zeměpisu pro střední školy. 1. vyd. Praha:
Nakladatelství České geografické společnosti, 2001, 135 s. ISBN 80-8603445-3