Transcript Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana

Information and Issues
 Myth
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Alcohol destroys brain cells
 Fact
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The moderate consumption of alcohol does not
destroy brain cells. In fact it is often associated
with improved cognitive (mental) functioning.
 Myth
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A "beer belly" is caused by drinking beer.
 Fact
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A "beer belly" is caused by eating too much food.
No beer or other alcohol beverage is necessary.

Myth
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Fact
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Only time can sober up a person...not black coffee,
cold showers, exercise, or any other common "cures."
Alcohol leaves the body of virtually everyone at a
constant rate of about .015 percent of blood alcohol
content (BAC) per hour.
Myth


Drinking coffee will help a drunk person sober up.
Alcohol stunts the growth of children and retards
their development.
Fact

Scientific medical research does not support this old
temperance scare tactic.
 Historians
have found evidence of alcohol
use dating back as far as ________________
 Evidence of alcohol use is noted in many
different ancient cultures from around the
globe.

Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and others.
 The
use of alcohol has been a consistent
fixture in human society for thousands of
years…and remains in use in most cultures.
 Alcohol
is the name to given a variety of
related compounds; the drinkable form is
____________________. It is a powerful,
addictive, central nervous system
_____________ produced by the action of
yeast cells on carbohydrates in fruits and
grains.
 __________
is made from fermented grains
and has an alcohol content of three to six
percent.
 Wine
is made from fermented fruits and has
an alcohol content of 11 to 14 percent. Some
wine drinks, such as wine coolers, have fruit
juice and sugar added, lowering alcohol
content to between four and seven percent.
Fortified wines, such as port, have alcohol
added, bringing alcohol content to between
18 and 20 percent.
 _________
is made by distilling a fermented
product to yield a drink that usually contains
40 to 50 percent alcohol. The alcohol
content in liquor is sometimes indicated by
degrees of proof, which in the United States
is a figure twice as high as the percentage.
Thus, 80-proof liquor is 40 percent alcohol.
 Alcoholism
is a disabling addictive disorder. It
is characterized by compulsive and
uncontrolled consumption of alcohol despite
its negative effects on the drinker's health,
relationships, and social standing.
 Like other drug addictions, alcoholism is
medically defined as a treatable disease. The
term alcoholism is widely used, and was first
coined in 1849 by Magnus Huss, but in
medicine the term was replaced by the
concepts of "alcohol abuse" and "alcohol
dependence" in the 1980s.
 When
a person consumes alcohol, the drug
acts on nerve cells deep in the brain. Alcohol
initially serves as a stimulant, then induces
feelings of relaxation and reduced anxiety.
Consumption of two or three drinks in an
hour can impair judgment, lower inhibitions,
and induce mild euphoria.
 _______________
 Lymbic System
 Cerebellum
 Hypothalamus and Pituitary
 ________________
Smell of alcohol on breath
 Irritability
 Euphoria
 Loss of physical coordination
 Inappropriate or violent behavior
 Loss of balance
 Unsteady gait
 Slurred and/or incoherent speech
 __________________________
 Slowed thinking
 Depression
 Impaired short-term memory
 ____________________________

 Tremors
 Agitation
 Anxiety
and panic attacks
 Paranoia and delusions
 Hallucinations (usually visual)
 Nausea and vomiting
 Increased body temperature
 Elevated blood pressure and heart rate
 Convulsions
 Seizures
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Neurological dangers include impaired vision and impaired motor coordination,
memory defects, hallucinations, blackouts, and seizures. Long-term consumption
can result in permanent damage to the brain.

_________________problems include elevated blood pressure and heart rate, risk
of stroke and heart failure.

Respiratory dangers include respiratory depression and failure, pneumonia,
tuberculosis, and lung abscesses. Additionally, alcohol abuse increases the risk of
mouth and throat cancer.

Liver disease caused by chronic alcohol abuse, including alcoholic fatty liver,
hepatitis, and ______________, kills 25,000 Americans each year.
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Other physiological dangers include damage to the gastrointestinal
system (including duodenal ulcers, reflux, and diarrhea), the pancreas, and
the kidneys. In addition, alcohol consumption may cause malnutrition, disrupt the
absorption of nutrients in food, and suppress the immune system, thus increasing
the potential for illness.
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Psychological dangers include impaired judgment and verbal ability, apathy,
introversion, antisocial behavior, inability to concentrate, and deterioration of
relationships with family, friends, and co-workers.
 Myth
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I am too old to quit
 Fact
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Older smokers are 50% more likely than any other
age group to successfully quit smoking.
 Myth
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You can smoke your whole life and never have
any side effects.
 Fact
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This is the exception and not the norm. Tobacco
use accounts for 96 billion dollars in health care
expenses nationally.
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Myth
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Fact
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Approximately 31,000 new cases of oral cancer will
be diagnosed in the U.S.
Myth
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Chewing tobacco is safe compared to smoking
tobacco.
Cigarettes have not been proven to cause cancer.
Fact
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Nearly as common as lung cancer among smokers is
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which entails
the narrowing of airways in the lung, largely in the
form of chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
Members of all Native American tribes
traditionally used tobacco dating back nearly
18,000 years. It was often consumed in
religious practices; among some tribes, this
was done only by experienced shamans or
medicine men.
 Following the arrival of the Europeans,
tobacco became increasingly popular as a
trade item. It was used recreationally.
 The ill effects of tobacco and nicotine
became evident in the ________________

 Tobacco
is an agricultural product processed
from the leaves of plants in the
genus _____________
 There are more than 70 species of tobacco in
the plant genus ______________
 Smoking
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Tobacco
Cigarettes
Cigars
Pipe
Hookah
____________
Kreteks
 Smokeless
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Tobacco
Chewing tobacco
Snuff
Most smokers use tobacco regularly because they
are addicted to nicotine. Addiction is
characterized by compulsive drug seeking
behavior, even in the face of negative health
consequences.
 It is well documented that most smokers identify
tobacco use as harmful and express a desire to
reduce or stop using it, and nearly 35 million of
them want to quit each year.
 Unfortunately, more than 85 percent of those
who try to quit on their own relapse, most within
a week.
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The main affect is the carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke
binds to the hemoglobin molecules in your red blood cells
40x stronger than oxygen.
So, in effect, when you smoke, it reduces the amount of
oxygen available to the brain. This creates the euphoric
'high' that cigarette smokers experience.
Nicotine also activates areas of the brain that are involved
in producing feelings of pleasure and reward. Recently,
scientists discovered that nicotine raises the levels of a
neurotransmitter called dopamine in the parts of the brain
that produce feelings of pleasure and reward.
According to the American Heart Association, nicotine
addiction has historically been one of the hardest
addictions to break, while the pharmacological and
behavioral characteristics that determine tobacco
addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to
drugs such as heroin and cocaine.
 The
adverse health effects from cigarette
smoking account for an estimated 443,000
deaths, or nearly one of every five deaths,
each year in the United States.
 More deaths are caused each year by
____________use than by all deaths from
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal
drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries,
suicides, and murders combined.
 An estimated 90% of all deaths from chronic
obstructive lung disease are caused by
smoking.
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Coronary Heart Disease
Stroke
Cancer
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Acute myeloid leukemia
Bladder cancer
______________________________________
Cancer of the esophagus
Kidney cancer
Cancer of the larynx (voice box)
Lung cancer
___________________________________
Cancer of the pharynx (throat)
Stomach cancer
Cancer of the uterus
 Lung
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Disease
Emphysema
Bronchitis
Chronic airway obstruction
 Infertility
 ______________________________
 Stillbirth
 Low
birth weight
 Sudden infant death syndrome
 Bone density issues
 Myth
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Marijuana is not harmful.
 Fact
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Health effects include respiratory damage,
mental health concerns, and cognitive
functioning.
 Myth
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Marijuana is not addictive.
 Fact
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Evidence suggest that dependency issues can
arise surrounding Marijuana use.
 Cannabis
is indigenous to Central and South
Asia. Evidence of the inhalation of cannabis
smoke can be found at least 3000 years ago.
 Evidence suggest that religious, recreational
and medicinal uses of cannabis existed in
many cultures around the globe.
 Cannabis was criminalized in various
countries beginning in the early 20th century.
 Marijuana
is a green, brown, or gray
mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems,
seeds, and flowers of the hemp plant. You
may hear marijuana called by street names
such as _______________________________.
There are more than 200 slang terms for
marijuana.
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Unprocessed
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The terms cannabis or marijuana generally refer to the dried flowers
and subtending leaves and stems of the female cannabis plant. This is
the most widely consumed form, containing 3% to 22% THC. In
contrast, cannabis strains used to produce industrial hemp contain less
than 1% THC and are thus not valued for recreational use
Processed
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Kief
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____________
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___________ is a concentrated resin produced from the flowers of the female
cannabis plant. Hash can often be more potent than marijuana. It varies in
color from black to golden brown depending upon purity.
Hash oil
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Kief is a powder, which can be sifted from the leaves and flowers of cannabis
plants and either consumed in powder form or compressed to produce cakes
of hashish.
Hash oil, is a mix of essential oils and resins extracted from mature cannabis
foliage through the use of various solvents. It is also used in a variety
of cannabis foods.
Residue (resin)

Because of THC's adhesive properties, a sticky residue, most commonly known
as "resin", builds up inside utensils used to smoke cannabis.
 Joints
 Blunts
 Pipes
 Bongs
 ____________
 Food
products
 Long-term
regular users of marijuana may
become psychologically dependent. They
may have a hard time limiting their use, they
may need more of the drug to get the same
effect, and they may develop problems with
their jobs and personal relationships. The
drug can become the most important aspect
of their lives.
 Distorted
perception (sights, sounds, time,
touch)
 Problems with memory and learning
 Loss of coordination
 Trouble with thinking and problem-solving
 Increased heart rate
 Mood Changes
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Euphoria
Anxiety
 Hallucinations
 Delusions
 The
active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9
tetrahydrocannabinol or _________, acts on
cannabinoid receptors on nerve cells and
influences the activity of those cells.
 Some brain areas have many cannabinoid
receptors, but other areas of the brain have
few or none at all.
 Many cannabinoid receptors are found in the
parts of the brain that influence pleasure,
memory, thought, concentration, sensory and
time perception, and coordinated
movement.
 Reduced
blood pressure
 Similar respiratory concerns as in tobacco
use
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Lung Disease
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

___________________
Bronchitis
Chronic airway obstruction
 _______________________________________
_______________________________________
 Reduced immune response
 Some negative impact on unborn children