Transcript micronutrient-CORRECTED

Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Introduction
Micronutrients
are
equally
important as macro nutrients for
proper growth of mango tree.
The requirement of micronutrients are only
traces which is partly met from the soils or
through chemical fertilizers or through some
other sources.
Mango trees suffer widely by the deficiency
of micronutrients. If these are corrected at
proper time, it definitely boosts up the
economic yield of the tree.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Hence, it is important to have proper knowledge to identifying
deficiency/toxicity symptoms of these micronutrients for timely correction.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Role of copper
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It is a component of plaxtocyanin which plays a role in protein and
carbohydrates synthesis.
Cu is essential in several plant enzyme systems involved in
photosynthesis.
Cu is part of the chloroplast protein plastocyanin, which forms part of
the electron transport chain.
Cu may have a role in the synthesis and/or stability of chlorophyll and
other plant pigments.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Role of iron
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Constituent of cytochrome for respiration. It brings about chlorophyll
formation and electron transport.
Fe is essential in the heme enzyme system in plant metabolism
(photosynthesis and respiration). The enzymes involved include
catalase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, and other cytochromes.
Fe is part of protein ferredoxin and is required in nitrate and sulfate
reductions.
Fe is essential in the synthesis and maintenance of chlorophyll in
plants and strongly associated with protein metabolism.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Role of Manganese
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Activator of enzymes in photosynthesis. Essential for chlorophyll
formation.
•
Mn is involved in the oxidation-reduction process in photosynthesis.
Role of Zinc
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Activator of enzymes in respiration. It has role in protein synthesis.
Essential for auxin synthesis.
•
Zn is required in the synthesis of tryptophan, which in turn is necessary
for the formation of indole acetic acid in plants.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Role of boron
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It helps in cell division and cell differentiation.
Role of Molybdenum
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Activator of enzymes in respiration. It has role in protein synthesis.
Essential for auxin synthesis.
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Zn is required in the synthesis of tryptophan, which in turn is necessary
for the formation of indole acetic acid in plants.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Deficiency symptoms of copper
•
Copper deficiency are seen frequently in young plants getting large
amounts of N, or in the young shoots of adult plants.
•
Copper deficiency in mango orchards caused long, tender and
“S”shaped branches and leaves with downward curls, both on the
lamina and the central vein.
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On the branches, Cu deficiency causes boil-like eruptions on the bark
that, at times, weeps sap.
•
Progressive terminal branch death may occur under where new shoots
were curved or “S”-shaped in the previous year
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Deficiency symptoms of iron
Iron deficiency is manifested by
typical chlorosis in new leaves, which
have a mesh of green veins
contrasting with the yellow of the
lamina.
Severely affected leaves may be
pale yellow, with little or no green in
the veins.
Young leaves are always affected
first.
In situations of acute deficiency
branches and twigs may die.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Causes of iron deficiency
Iron deficiency is associated with soils derived from calcareous material or
acidic soils with very high levels of manganese (Mn).
Sometimes excessive amounts of Mn in poorly drained soils can induce
Fe deficiency in plants.
Associated with an excess of Mn applying large amounts of P fertilizer
may also induce Fe deficiency in mango.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Deficiency symptoms of boron
Boron deficiency first occur in the
youngest parts of the plant, while
its toxicity is seen at the
extremities of the oldest leaves.
Boron deficiency causes death of
the apical bud, which results in an
excessive number of lateral buds
that
develop
tuft-shaped
secondary branches.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Deficiency symptoms of boron
Internal necrosis
The floral panicles are
smaller and have fewer
hermaphroditic flowers.
Boron deficiency caused
physiological disorder known
as internal necrosis and
symptoms
starts
from
browning
of
seed
and
measocarp tissues.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Deficiency symptoms of manganese
Manganese deficiency causes reduced growth, similar to deficiencies of P
and Mg.
New leaves have a yellowish green lamina, with a noticeable green mesh
between the veins, which are thicker than those associated with Fe
deficiency.
The first symptoms appear on new leaves, which have a yellowish green
background.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Deficiency symptoms of manganese
In severe deficiency, the new leaves become chlorotic, with necrosis
along the extremities of the lamina.
Due to manganese deficiency mottling of leaves followed by complete
yellowing with dark brown pin head like spot scattered all over the laminae.
Liming and the application of large amounts of P decrease the availability
of manganese in the soil.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Deficiency symptoms of Zinc
Zinc
deficiency
markedly
reduced the leaf size and inhibited
plant growth appreciably.
Zinc deficiency found to be the
cause of severe malformation in
mature mango trees.
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in Mango
Let Us Sum Up
Micronutrients are nutrients required by
plants throughout life in small quantities to
orchestrate a whole range of physiological
functions.
Mango trees suffer widely by the deficiency
of micronutrients. If these are corrected at
proper time, it definitely boosts up the
economic yield of the tree.
On the branches, Cu deficiency causes boil-like
eruptions on the bark that, at times, weeps sap,
however, boron deficiency caused physiological
disorder known as internal necrosis and symptoms
starts from browning of seed and measocarp
tissues.
Therefore, it is important to have knowledge
of symptoms of micronutrients.