Transcript Seed Plants

The Plant Kingdom
Chapter 4:1 and 2 (Photosynthesis)
What is a Plant?
 Autotrophs
 Sun powered
 Convert sunlight and CO2 into food and oxygen
 Multicellular
 Cells organized into different types of tissue
 Leaves, roots, stem, vascular, etc.
 Eukaryotes
 Contain a nucleus
 Enclosed by a cell wall (made of cellulose)
Cell Structures of Plants
Adaptations for Living on
Land
 Water plants (algae in water)
 Plants on Land need to:
 Obtain water and nutrients from the water
 Obtain
water and nutrients
around
them
 Retain
 Held
up bywater
the water
 Transport
materials
 Water
helps sperm
get to eggs for
 Support the plant
reproduction
 Reproduce
 Obtaining water
 Roots/root hairs absorb water from the soil
 Retaining water
 Cuticle – waxy, waterproof layer on leaves
 Transporting Materials
 Small plants – move from cell to cell
 Larger plants – vascular tissue
 Tubelike structure that transport water and nutrients up and
food downward and throughout the plant
 Xylem and Phloem
 Support
 Cell wall and vascular tissue
 Reproduction
 Sexual reproduction
How Plants are Classified:
2 major groups
Non Vascular
Mosses,
liverworts,
hornworts
Vascular
Seed plants
Seedless
plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Non Vascular Plants
Bryophytes





No vascular system
Grow low to the ground
Do not have root systems
Live in damp, shady places
Thin cell walls
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iwebquest.com/alaska/images/moss.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.iwebquest.com/
alaska/webquest/plants/moss.htm&h=255&w=340&sz=20&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=BgVVCfmSb1TGyM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=119&prev=/
images%3Fq%3Dmosses%2Band%2Bliverworts%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den
Vascular Plants
 Contain vascular
tissue which allows
them to live in moist
and dry
environments
 Provides strength,
stability, and support
so these plants can
grow tall
 Ferns (over 12,000 species)
 Club mosses and Horsetails
 Reproduce by making spores
Gymnosperms and
Angiosperms (seed plants)
 Gymnosperms
 Plants that do NOT form flowers or fruits
 Naked seeds
 Angiosperms
 Plants that produce seeds that are
surrounded by fruit
 Enclosed seeds
Life Cycle of plants
2 stages
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
 Plant Life Cycle Plants have complex life cycles that consist of
two stages—the sporophyte stage and the gametophyte stage
Photosynthesis
 Sunlight is absorbed by the chlorophyll in
plants
 This provides energy for food to be made
 Raw materials are converted into a sugar
(carbohydrate)
 Raw materials for making food are
 Carbon dioxide
 Water
Carbon dioxide and Water
are the raw ingredients for
Photosynthesis
Oxygen and Glucose are the
products of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Equation
Light Energy
Carbon dioxide + Water
6CO2
+ 6 H2O
Food is stored in roots, stems,
leaves and/or fruits.
Sugar + Oxygen
C6H12O6 +
6 O2
So why are Plants so
Important?
They provide a direct food source for humans
We eat plants
They provide an indirect food source for humans
We eat animals that eat plants
They produce oxygen for us to breathe
They take up Carbon dioxide that we breathe out
We get many medicines from plants
Chapter 4:1,2 Review
What plant structure
stores water?
Vacuole
What plant structure reduces
water loss from evaporation?
The cuticle
What do plant cells contain that
help provide structural support?
A rigid cell wall
What substance makes the
leaves of a plant appear green?
Chlorophyll
What are 3
characteristics that
all plants have?
Multicellular,
autotrophs,
eukaryotes
What plant structure opens and
closes to let water and gases in
and out?
Stomata
In what part of the plant cell
does photosynthesis take
place in?
The chloroplast
A sperm and an egg
cell join together to
form:
A zygote
What are the 2 stages of a
plant’s life cycle?
The gametophyte
and the sporophyte
stages
Groups of cells that
perform a similar
function are called.
Tissues
Why are vascular plants better
suited to survive in dry areas?
They can move water and food
through the plant quickly
In which stage are the
sperm and egg cell
produced?
The gametophyte
stage
What chemical do current
day plants share with their
algae ancestors?
What material is the cell wall
made of?
Cellulose
The chlorophyll
What are the characteristics
of non vascular plants?
They are low growing, and
grow in damp, shady places
What are the raw ingredients
of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
and sunlight
The process of making food
from sunlight is called.
photosynthesis
What are the products of
photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose