Transcript Introduction - Upl Online.com

Introduction
Total plant species 250,000
Weeds
250 (0.01%)
Total annual loss due to
weeds in India is 37 %
Loss in crop yields due to weeds
Crop
Reduction in Yield (%)
Rice
41.6
Wheat
16.0
Maize
39.8
Millets
29.5
Soybean
30.5
Gram
11.6
Pea
32.9
Linseed
34.2
Groundnut
33.8
Sugarcane
34.2
Cotton
47.5
Carrot
72.5
Onion
68.0
Potato
20.1
Types of weeds
Annual weeds
Biennial
Perennial
Based on Seed characteristics/ Plant morphology
Monocotyledons or
Monocot Weeds
• Grasses
• Sedges
Dicotyledones or Dicot
Weeds
Acalypha indica
Common name
• Indian Copperleaf, Indian acalypha, Indian nettle,
three-seeded-mercury • Hindi: कुप्पी Kuppi,
कुप्पीखोखली kuppikhokhali • Marathi: कुपी kupi •
Tamil: க ொழிப்பூண்டு koli-p-puntu, குப்பைமேனி
kuppai-meni • Malayalam: കുപ്പമേനി kuppameni
• Telugu: హరితమంజరి harita-manjari, కుప్పి kuppi •
Kannada: ಕುಪ್ಪುಗಿಡ kuppugida • Bengali: মু ক্তঝু রি mukta
jhuri, শ্বেত বসন্ত sbeta basanta • Gujarati: vanchi kanto,
Dadano • Sanskrit: हरित मञ्जिी harita manjari
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Soybean
• Cotton
Small erect herb, growing up to 60 cm or more.
Leaves broadly ovate, nearly triangular, rather coarsely
toothed.
Leaf stalks are as long as or longer than the 3-5 cm long
blades.
Flowers are stalkless, borne on erect axillary spikes longer
than the leaves.
Acanthospermum hispidum
Common name
• Bristly Starbur, goat's head,
goathead, hispid starburr, starburr,
Texas cockspur
• Marathi: Landga • Telugu: Palleru •
Kannada: kadle mullu • Oriya:
Kantagokhru
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Groundnut
• Cotton
An annual herb characterized by hairy stem, yellow-green
florets, opposite leaves and fruits with hooked spines.
Stems are erect, 20-80 cm long, diffusely branched,
velvety with long hairs.
Leaves are elliptic to ovate, 2-10 cm long, 1-7 cm wide,
with glands on lower surface. Leaf margins are toothed
to nearly entire, gradually tapering to the base, stalkless.
Flower-heads are yellow, 4-5 mm in diameter
Achyranthes aspera
Common name
• Common name: Prickly Chaff Flower,
Devil's Horsewhip, Sanskrit: अपामार्ग
Apamarga
• Malayalam:katalati
Hindi:Apang,chirchira,chirchita
Bengali:Apang,apamarga
Telugu : Uttareni
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton
An annual, stiff erect herb, and found commonly as a
weed
Ageratum conyzoides
Common name
• Goat weed, Billy goat weed, Tropical
whiteweed • Hindi: जंर्ली पद
ु ीना Jangli
pudina, Visadodi, Semandulu, Gha buti,
Bhakumbar • Manipuri: শ্ব াোংগজাঈ নপী
Khongjai napi • Marathi: Ghanera
osaadi • Kannada: Oorala gida,
Helukasa • Tamil: Pumppillu, Appakkoti
• Malayalam: Kattappa, Muriyan pacca
• Bengali: Uchunti • Sanskrit:
Visamustih
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Soybean, Tea, NCA
Tropical annual herbaceous weed. It is an erect softly
hairy annual plant which grows up to a height of 2.5 feet.
Oppositely arranged leaves are ovate to lance-like,
coarsely rounded, and have toothed margin. Numerous
pale blue or whitish flowerheads are 6 mm across, often
forming dense domed to flat-topped clusters in leaf axils
or end of branches.
The stem is often red and has long white hairs
Alternanthera sessillis
Common name
• Sessile Joyweed, Dwarf copperleaf,
Joyweed • Hindi: Garundi, Guroo •
Manipuri: Phakchet • Marathi: Kanchari •
Tamil: Ponnanganni • Malayalam:
Ponnankannikkira • Telugu:
Ponnagantikura • Kannada: Honagonne •
Oriya: Madaranga • Konkani: Koypa •
Sanskrit: Matsyaksi
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, NCA
Prostrate ephemeral or perennial herb with deep
taproot. Trailing stems to 60 cm, rooting at the nodes.
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Common name
• Alligator Weed • Bengali:
Danta • Kannada: Dodda
honagone, Mosale honagone
• Manipuri: কববানপী Kabonapi
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-DS
A perennial herb, often found in and near ponds,
canals and reservoirs. Branches often purplish,
frequently rooting at the lower nodes; leaves simple,
opposite; flowers small, white, in axillary clusters
Amaranthus spinosus
Common name
• Needle burr, Spiny amaranth, Thorny
amaranth • Hindi: Kanta chaulai •
Manipuri: শ্ব োংগ্ক্রুক Chengkruk • Marathi:
कांटेभाजी kante bhaji, कांटेमाठ kante math •
Tamil: முள்ளுக்கீபை mullukkeerai •
Malayalam: Kattumullenkeera • Telugu:
ముళ్లతోటకూర mullatotakura • Kannada:
Mulluharive soppu • Bengali: Kantanotya •
Sanskrit: Tanduliuyah
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, NCA
An annual herb with sometimes red tinged erect stems,
sometimes ascending, 30-150 cm long, usually
branched. Leaves ovate . Flowers green
Amaranthus viridis
Common name
• Green Amaranth, pigweed, Prince of Wales
feather, slender amaranth, tropical green
amaranth • Hindi: जंर्ली चौलाई jungali
chaulayi • Konkani: िानभाजी ranbhaji •
Malayalam: കുപ്പച്ചീര kuppacheera •
Marathi: माठ math, उनाडभाजी unadabhaji •
Sanskrit: तण्डुलीयः tanduliya • Tamil:
குப்பைக்கீபை kuppai-k-kirai • Telugu: చిలక
తోటకూర chilaka-thotakoora
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, NCA,Maize,
Groundnut, Cotton, Soybean, Sugarcane,
Onion, Citrus, Banana, Grape
An annual herb with stems erect or occasionally
ascending, 10-80 cm long. Stems are sparingly to
densely branched, channeled. Leaves are triangularovate . Flowers are green, in slender, paniculate spikes,
in leaf axils or at the end of branches. Fruit is nearly
round.
Ammania baccifera
Common name
• Blistering Ammannia, Acrid weed, Monarch redstem,
Tooth cup • Hindi: अग्नन बट
ू ी Aginbuti, बन ममरिच Ban
mirich, दादमािी Dadmari, जंर्ली में हदी Jungli mehendi •
Marathi: अर्ीनबट
ु ी aginbuti, भिजांभळ
ू bharajambhula,
दादमािी dadmari • Tamil: ல்லுருவி kal-l-uruvi •
Malayalam: kallur vanchi, nirumelneruppu • Kannada:
ಕಾಡುಗಿಡ kaadugida • Bengali: বনমরি banmarich •
Konkani: दादमायाग dadmaria • Sanskrit: अग्ननर्ाभग
agnigarbha, ब्राह्मसोम brahmasoma, क्षेत्रभष
ू ा
kshetrabhusha, क्षेत्रवमिनी kshetravashini, महाश्याम
mahasyama, पाषाणभेद pasanabheda • Nepali: अम्बाि
ambar
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T
An erect, branched, smooth, slender, annual herb, found
in open, damp, waste places.
It is more or less purplish herb 10-50 cm in height, with
somewhat 4-angled stems.
The leaves are narrow-oblong.
The flowers are small, greenish or purplish, and borne in
dense clusters in leaf axils.
Anagallis arvensis
Common name
• Scarlet Pimpernel, red
pimpernel, red chickweed,
poorman's barometer,
shepherd's weather glass,
shepherd's clock
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Wheat, Potato, Pea,
Onion
Has weak sprawling stems growing to about 50 cm long,
sometimes rooting at the nodes.
Leaves are opposite.
The flowers are small orange or red.
Argemone maxicana
Common name
• Mexican Prickly Poppy, Mexican poppy,
Prickly Poppy • Bengali: Siyal-Kanta • Hindi:
सत्यानािी Satyanashi, Bharband • Kannada:
Datturigidda • Konkani: Phirangi dhutro •
Malayalam: Ponnummattu • Manipuri:
শ্ব ামব াঙপী Khomthongpee • Marathi: Firangi
dhotra • Sanskrit: Kshirini, Swarnakshiri •
Tamil: குடிம ொட்டி Kudiyotti • Telugu:
Brahmadandi
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Grape
A prickly, hairless, branching herb with yellow juice and
showy yellow flowers, The height of this plant varies
between 1-4 ft.
Leaves are thistlelike, stem-clasping, oblong, multiply cut,
spiny, with white viens.
Flowers yellow. Fruits are capsules.
Arundinella bengalensis
Common name
• Dwarf Reed grass
Type of weeds
• broad leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
An annual hairless grass 0.5-1.5 ft tall.
Leaves are flaccid, lances haped.
Flowers are borne in very large panicles, 2-10 inches,
which are copiously branched
Asphodelus tenuifolius
Common name
• Onion-Weed,Urdu: burge gundana
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Wheat, Potato,
Grape, Cumin
An annual or short-lived perennial herb growing a
hollow stem up to 70 cm tall.
The plant takes the form of a large tuft of onion-like
rounded hollow leaves up to 30 cm long.
The inflorescence is a panicle with widely-spaced
flowers.
The fruit is a rounded capsule containing six seeds
Avena fatua
Common name
• Common Wild Oat
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Morphology
• An annual tufted grass with erect culms .
• Plant height varies from 25 to 120 cm.
• Blades are dark green, grow up to 40 cm.
Upright forms are mostly taller than the
crop stand. Sheaths are smooth or slightly
hairy, especially in younger plants.
An annual tufted grass with erect culms .
Plant height varies from 25 to 120 cm.
Blades are dark green, grow up to 40 cm. Upright forms
are mostly taller than the crop stand. Sheaths are
smooth or slightly hairy, especially in younger plants.
Avena ludoviciana
Common name
• Winter wild oat
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
An annual 30-120 cm high, from a prostrate base.
Leaf-blades up to 45 cm long and 4-18 mm wide with
ligules up to 6 mm long. Panicle loose up to 30 cm
long and 20 cm wide. Spikelets 35-50 mm long.
Axonopus compressus
Common name
• Blanket grass, Broadleaf
carpet grass, Lawn grass,
Louisiana grass, Tropical
carpet grass
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
It is more robust and stoloniferous.
It has stouter culms and stolons, wider leaves and
longer spikelets which are more acute.
Its leaves are 9-12 mm wide and it forms a dense mat
over the surface of the ground, seldom reaching a
height of more than 15 cm.
Biden pilosa
Common name
• Beggar Tick, Spanish
needle, Cobbler's pegs,
Phutium (Gujarati
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
An erect annual or perennial herb with branching habit to
about 1m high.
Leaves are deeply divided into three toothed lobes.
Individual flowers are yellow.
Boerhaavia diffusa
Common name
• Red hogweed, Tar Vine, Red
Spiderling, Wineflower • Hindi:
Punarnava, Satha • Kannada:
Adakaputtana gida
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Maize, Sugarcane
A prostrate herb with very diffuse inflorescences.
Flowers are purplish red to reddish pink or nearly
white, bell-shaped beyond the constriction, 1-1.5
mm.
Borreria latifolia
Common name
• Oval Leaf False
Buttonweed
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
Bracharia mutica
Common name
• Para grass
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Maize, Soybean
Caesulia auxillaris
Common name
• Pink Node Flower • Marathi:
माका Maka • Nepali: थक
ु झाि
Thuk Jhaar • Telugu: Erra
gobbi, Thella jiluga
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Soybean
An erect annual herb, 15-50 cm tall. Stem is stout,
pink, succulent, swollen at nodes.
Alternately arranged stalkless leaves 4-15 cm long,
lanceshaped, pointed, distantly toothed, narrow at
base. Flowers are white.
Pink Node Flower is found in rice fields.
Carthamus oxyacanthus
Common name
• Wild Safflower, Jeweled Distaff
Thistle • Kannada: Kaadu
kusabi gida, Mullu shaavanthi
Type of weeds
• Spiny leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
A spiny-leaved annual herb, growing up to 1.5 m tall.
It is closely related to Safflower.
The yellow flowers grow in flower heads about 1-1.5
inches across. Leaves are covered with spines. Wild
Safflower can be distinguished from the Safflower by
the larger, pointed spines.
Celosia argentea
Common name
• Cockscomb, Lalmurga लाल
मर्
ु ाग (Hindi), Haolei
(Manipuri), ம ொழிப்பூ Kozhi
poo (Tamil)
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Sugarcane
An annual herb. The celosias or cockscombs are erect,
branching plants with oval or lance-shaped, strongly
veined leaves 2-6 in (5.1-15.2 cm) long and hundreds
of tiny flowers packed in dense, brightly colored
flower heads which usually stand above the foliage.
Flower colors include red, yellow, orange, gold, and
pink.
Chenopodium album
Common name
• Fat Hen, Lamb's-quarters, Pigweed, Bathua
बथुआ (Hindi), Paruppukkirai (Tamil),
Chandanbethu (Bengali), Vastukah
(Sanskrit), Bathua (Oriya), Kaduoma
(Kannada), Pappukura (Telugu), Vastuccira
(Malayalam), Chakvit (Konkani)
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Paddy-T, Wheat, Maize,
Groundnut, Soybean, Sugarcane, Potato,
Pea, Onion, Grape, Cumin
A fast-growing, upright, weedy annual species very
common in temperate regions, growing almost
everywhere in soils rich in nitrogen, especially on
wasteland.
The opposite leaves can be very varied in appearance.
The leaves are waxy-coated, unwettable and mealy in
appearance, with a whitish coat on the underside.
Chloris barbata
Common name
• Swollen Finger Grass, airport grass, feather
finger grass, fingergrass, pea-cock
plumegrass, plush grass, purpletop chloris,
swollen fingergrass, swollen windmill grass •
Kannada: hennu-manchadakalu hullu,
sevaragu • Malayalam: konda-pullu • Marathi:
gondvel, tan • Tamil: Chevvarakupul, Kotai-ppul, Kuruthu pillu, Kodai pullu, Kattuk kotumai
• Telugu: Uppu gaddi
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Banana
A tufted annual grass up to 90 cm tall. Culms and
sheaths are strongly compressed, with blades long and
lax, 10-30 cm long and up to 6 mm wide. Nodes are
often purplish.
Circium arvense
Common name
• Creeping Thistle, Canada
Thistle
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Banana
A tall herbaceous perennial plant growing 1-3 ft. The
stems often lie partly flat by summer but can stay erect
if supported by other vegetation. The leaves are very
spiny. The flower-heads are 1-2.2 cm in diameter, pinkpurple.
Cleome chelidonii
Common name
• Celandine Spider Flower
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Maize
A herb, growing up to 50 cm tall. Leaves are 1- or 3foliate at the top and 5- or 7-foliate at the base.
Flowers have 4 rose colored petals.
Cleome viscose
Common name
• Asian spider flower, Yellow spider flower,
Cleome, Tickweed • Hindi: Bagra • Urdu:
Hulhul • Malayalam: Naivela • Tamil:
Naikkaduku • Kannada: Nayibela • Gujarati:
Pilitalvani • Telugu: Kukkavaminta •
Marathi: पपवला ततळवण Pivala tilavan
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, maize, Soybean, Grape
Morphology
A tall annual herb, up to a meter high, more or less
hairy with glandular and eglandular hairs. Leaves are
digitately compound, with 3-5 leaflets. Flowers whitish
or yellowish. Fruit 30-75 mm long.
Commelina begalensis
Common name
• Long Leaved Dayflower •
Sanskrit: जलपपप्पमलयांर्ुली
Jalapippalianguli
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Soybean, Sugarcane,
Groundnut, Banana, Tea
A perennial herb with hairless stems erect or rising,
spreading, numerous branched, up to 60 cm long.
Leaves are stalkless. Petals are pinkish blue, up to 1 cm,
round- ovate
Convolvulus arvensis
Common name
• Field Bindweed, Hiranpug हहिनपर्
(Hindi), பூமி சக்ை பூண்டு Bhoomi
Chakra Poondu (Tamil), Chand-wel
(Marathi)
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Wheat, Sorghum,
Sugarcane, Potato, Citrus, Grape
Petals fused together to form a flower having the
shape of a trumpet, hence that starts as a narrow tube,
but widens into a flared mouth.
Croton sperrsifeorus
Common name
• Ban tulsi • Bengali: बन तल
ु सी •
Hindi: Kala Bhangra • Tamil: ையில்
பூண்டு Reilpoondu • Kannada:
Alpa bedhi soppu
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Soybean
It is a small annual herb, growing up to 1-2 ft tall.
Alternately arranged leaves. Small white flowers. Fruit
is a 5 mm oblong capsule
Cynodon dactylon
Common name
• Bermuda Grass • Assamese: Dubari • Bengali:
দুববা Durba • Hindi: दब
ू Doob, Dobri • Kannada:
garikehullu, balli garike, ambate hullu •
Manipuri: রতঙব ৌ Tingthou • Marathi: haryali,
dhurva • Mizo: phaitualhnim • Oriya: dubbo
ghas • Sanskrit: Niladurva, saddala, ananta •
Tamil: Arugampillu, Arukampillu, muyalpul •
Telugu: Ghericha, gerichagaddi • Urdu: Doob
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Paddy-T, Grape, Tea, NCA
A grass. The blades are a grey-green colour and are
short, usually 4-15 cm long with rough edges. The erect
stems can grow 1-30 cm, rarely to 3 ft, tall. The stems
are slightly flattened, often tinged purple in color.
Cyperus difformis
Common name
• Variable Flatsedge, one-arm
sedge, rice sedge, small-flower
umbrella plant, smallflower
umbrella sedge
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Soybean, Groundnut
An annual herb with one to many thin, soft erect stems
reaching over 30 cm in height. There are usually a few
long, wispy leaves around the base of the plant. The
flowers are light brown with areas darker brown and
sometimes a yellowish or purplish tint.
Cyperus rotundus
Common name
• Common Nut Sedge, coco grass, nutgrass, purple
nutsedge • Assamese: Keyabon • Hindi: बड़ा नार्ि
मोथा Bara-nagar-motha, कोिे ही झाड़ Korehi-jhar,
मोथा Motha • Kannada: abdahullu, koranari-gadde
• Malayalam: karimuttan, kora-kizanna, muttanna
• Manipuri: শ্বেম্বঙ শ্বকৌ ু ম Shembang kouthum •
Marathi: बािीक मोथा Barik motha, Bimbal • Oriya:
mutha • Sanskrit: abhrabheda, ambhodhara,
ambuda • Tamil: korai, korai kilangu, muthakasu •
Telugu: bhadra-tunga-muste, bhadramuste • Urdu:
sad kufi, habu-ul-zillam
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Soybean, Sugarcane, Potato, Grape, Tea,
NCA
A perennial plant, that may reach a height of up to 40
cm. Leaves sprout in ranks of three from the base of
the plant.
The flower stems have a triangular cross-section.
Rhizomes grow horizontally or downward, and form
dark reddish-brown tubers or chains of tubers.
Dactyloctenium aegyptium
Common name
• Crowfoot Grass, beach wiregrass,
coast button grass, comb fringe grass,
Duck grass, Durban crowfoot, Egyptian
fingergrass, Egyptian grass, finger
comb grass, four-finger grass • Hindi:
मकड़ा Makra • Manipuri: পু ঙফাঈ
Pungphai
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Soybean, Sugarcane, Banana
Annual herb, with wiry stems. Leaves are typically
grass-like,2-30 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, with blades and
sheaths that are without hair. Flowers arise in 1-7
spikes, 1-6.2 cm long, 3-7 mm wide, at the tip of stems.
Digera arvensis
Common name
• False Amaranth • Hindi: लटमहूरिया
Latmahuria, लेसुआ Lesua • Marathi: gitana,
getna • Tamil: க ொய் க் கீபை Toya keerai,
ொட்டுக் கீபை Kaatu keerai • Telugu: Chenchali
koora • Kannada: Chenchali soppu, Goraji
palya, Kankali soppu • Sanskrit: aranya,
aranyavastuka, kunanjara, kuranjara
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Maize, Sorghum, Soybean,
Sugarcane,Citrus
An annual herb, growing to 20-70 cm tall.
Stems are simple or branched from the base, nearly
hairless. Alternately arranged leaves. Flowers are borne
on slender spike-like racemes, which can be as large as
30 cm long. Flowers are hairless, white mixed with pink
to carmine or red, usually becoming greenish-white in
fruit.
Digitaria sanguinalis
Common name
• Wild Crabgrass, bamboo grass,
crabgrass, Henry's crabgrass, large
crabgrass, smooth crabgrass,
southern crabgrass, summer grass,
tropical crab grass, tropical finger
grass
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Soybean, Tea
A tufted or creeping annual grass. Stems are rising, 20100 cm long, base prostrate, rooting at the lower
nodes.
Echinochloa colona
Common name
• Jungle Rice, Shama Millet, Small barnyard
grass • Hindi: Jangli jhangora, Jharwa, Jirio,
िामा Shama • Kannada: kaadu haaraka,
kaadu haaraka hullu • Marathi: borur, jiria,
pacushama, sawank, tor, todia • Telugu:
othagaddi
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Cotton, Maize, Soybean, Sugarcane,
NCA
An annual grass with culms rising prostrate 10–100 cm
long.
Leaf-sheaths are hairless on surface. Leaf-blades are 5–
30 cm long, 2–8 mm wide.
Central inflorescence axis is 1–15 cm long. Spikelets
occur in pairs, or clustered at each node.
Echinochloa crusgalli
Common name
• Barnyard Grass, Jungle rice, Cock's
foot, Prickly grass, Cockspur grass •
Bengali: Burashama • Hindi:
Sanwak, Samak • Nepali: तन्
ु दे सामा
Tunde saamaa
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Soybean, Sugarcane, Pea
A grass with large spikelets in two rows on the
branches of the panicle.
Leaves are without hairs, and the leaf sheaths are
often tinted red or maroon at the base.
Eclipta alba
Common name
• False Daisy, Trailing eclipta • Hindi: मरंर्िाज
Bhringaraj, केििाज Kesharaj • Manipuri:
Uchi-sumbal • Tamil: ரிசிலொங் ண்ணி
Karisilanganni, Kavanthakara • Malayalam:
Kannunni • Telugu: Galagara • Kannada:
Ajagara • Oriya: Kesarda • Sanskrit: मरंर्िाज
Bhringaraj
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Groundnut, soybean, Maize, Paddy-T-DS,
Chilli, Onion
An annual herb. Stems are erect or prostate, entirely
velvety, often rooting at nodes. Oppositely arranged
stalkless, oblong, lance-shaped, or elliptic leaves are
2.5-7.5 cm long. It has a short, flat or round, brown
stem and small white daisy-like flowers on a long stalk.
Eichornia crassipes
Common name
• Water Hyacinth, Kabokkang
(Manipuri), African Paayal
(Malayalam)
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Aquatic weed
A floating plant. The plants vary in size from a few
centimeters to over a meter in height. The glossy
green, leathery leaf blades are up to 20 cm long and 515 cm wide and are attached to petioles that are often
spongy-inflated.
Each flower has 6 bluish-purple petals joined at the
base to form a short tube.
One petal bears a yellow spot.
Eleusine indica
Common name
• Indian Crowfoot Grass, Indian goosegrass,
Wiregrass, Crowfootgrass • Hindi:
Malankuri, Balraja, Mandla, Jharnpriya kodu
• Kannada: Bilwagaja, Ganjalada hoo,
Hecchulli hullu • Marathi: Rannachani,
Khurd, Khurd-mendi • Sanskrit: नन्दीमुखी
Nandimukhi • Tamil: Thippa ragi, Kevuru •
Telugu: Karuchodi, Kuror
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T, Maize, Soybean, Chilli, Tea
An annual tufted grass. The plant is clump- forming,
branching from the base, culms are 40-95 cm tall. Leaf
blades are flat, 15-30 cm long. Flower spikes are mostly
2-6, usually 5 , 4-10 cm long. The florets dark green.
Eragrostis major
Common name
• Stink Grass, Candy grass,
Gray lovegrass
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Soybean
Annual grass forming tufts up to about half a meter.
Stems erect but may droop or bend.
The plants have a strong scent.
The branching inflorescences have one to several
spikelets per branch.
Spikelet green to greyish green, sometimes very
slightly purple-tinted.
Euphobia geniculata
Common name
• Wild Poinsettia, Wild spurge,
Lesser Green Poinsettia
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Maize, Soybean, Sugarcane
An erect annual herb to 1.5 m tall (rarely taller).
Stems are hollow, usually with scattered hairs. Leaves
are ovate-elliptic .
Distinguished by the milky sap.
Euphorbia hirta
Common name
• Asthma Weed, Common spurge, Cats hair • Hindi:
बड़ा दध
ु ी Bara dudhi • Manipuri: Pakhamba maton
• Marathi: दध
ु ी Dudhi • Tamil: Ammam Paccharisi
• Malayalam: Nelapalai • Telugu: Nanabalu •
Kannada: Achchedida • Bengali: Barokarni •
Konkani: Dudurli
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Maize, Sorghum, Soybean, Sugarcane,
• Groundnut, Grape
A slender-stemmed, annual hairy plant with many
branches, growing up to 40 cms tall, reddish or purplish
in color.
Leaves are opposite, elliptic-oblong to oblonglancelike, 1-2.5 cm long, blotched with purple in the
middle, toothed at the edge.
Flowers, purplish to greenish in color
Hygrophilla spinosa
Common name
• Erect Hygrophila
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
An erect or ascending annual herb, growing up to 1 m
tall.
Stem roots at the lower nodes.
Leaves are arranged opposite, simple.
Flowers are pale violet-blue or whitish.
Imperata cylindrical
Common name
• Cogon grass, Cotton grass, Thatch grass •
Hindi: उलू Uloo, मसऱू Sirhu, Dabh, Khans •
Manipuri: ইবমাম Imom • Bengali: ঊলূ Ooloo •
Kannada: Sannadabbai hullu • Telugu:
Balbajamu • Marathi: दब
ू Dub • Sanskrit:
दभग Darbha
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
A perennial rhizomatous grass, 0.6-3 m (2-10 feet) tall.
The leaves are about 2 cm wide near the base of the
plant and narrow to a sharp point at the top; the
margins are finely toothed.
Flowers borne in conspicuous cylindrical silky white
spikes 1-16 in long.
Ipomea digitarea
Common name
• Giant potato, Large Forest Ipomoea •
Hindi: भूई कोहाड़ा Bhuyikohada • Telugu:
Nelagummudu • Tamil: Palmudamgi •
Malayalam: Mutalakkilannu • Marathi:
भूई कोहाला Bhui-kohala
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
It grows as a vine which has stems that can grow to 10
m.
Leaf blade is circular in outline.
Flowers are pink or reddish purple, with a darker
center, funnelform, 5-6 cm across.
Lathyrus aphaca
Common name
• Grass Pea, Chickling pea,
Indian vetch
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
A bushy annual vine, usually growing to 2-3ft, or
trailing along the ground.
Flower blue
Launaea procumbens
Common name
• Creeping Launaea • Hindi:
Jangi gobi • Marathi: पाथिी
Pathari
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Perennial herb, 30-60 cm tall. Smooth, branched stem.
Long leaves, 5-25 cm, arise from the roots, have white
margins and are spinous toothed.
Yellow flower-heads are 1-1.5 cm across, and occur
either singly or in small racemes on short stalks along
the branches
Leptochloa chinensis
Common name
• Thread Sprangletop, mucronate
sprangletop, red sprangletop,
sprangle top
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T
Tufted, ascending to erect annual grass, 25-120 cm tall.
The stems are commonly jointed near base.
Leaves are linear-lanceshaped, 5-45 cm long, hairy with
a whitish bloom.
Inflorescence reddish
Leucas aspera
Common name
• Common Leucas • Hindi: छोटा हल्कुसा Chhota
halkusa, र्ॊफा Gophaa • Manipuri:
Mayanglambum • Marathi: Tamba • Tamil:
தும்பை Thumbai • Malayalam: Tumba •
Telugu: Tummachettu • Kannada: Tumbe guda
• Bengali: Ghal ghase • Oriya: Bhutamari •
Konkani: Tumbo • Sanskrit: द्रोणपुष्पी
Dronapushpi
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Erect and diffusely branched annual herb.
Leaves are linear or oblong, 2.5 to 7.5 cm long with
blunt tips and scalloped margins.
Whorls are large, terminal and axillary, about 2.5 cm in
diameter and crowded with white bell shaped flowers.
Lippia nodiflora
Common name
• Frog Fruit, mat grass, Busbusi
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T
Creeping herb.
Stems 15 to 30 cm, much branched and rootiing at the
nodes.
Leaves numerous, nearly without stalks, obovate, 1 to
2.5 cm long, with blunt rounded tip and wedgedshaped base; margins on the upper half are sharply
toothed.
Flowers are very small, pink or white
Ludwigia parviflora
Common name
• Willow Primrose, False primrose, Primrose
willow, Swamp primrose, Water primrose •
Hindi: बन लौंर् Ban long • Marathi: पाण
लवंर् Pan lavang • Tamil: Kattukkirampu •
Malayalam: Kattukarayampu • Telugu:
Nirubaccala • Kannada: Kauakula •
Sanskrit: भल
ू वंर् Bhu lavangah
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T-DS
Erect, stout, well-branched, robust herb, annual or
perennial.
Stems red-brown.
Leaves alternate, light green.
Flowers pale to bright yellow solitary in axils of leaves
and at terminals.
Malva neglecta
Common name
• Common mallow, Cheeseweed •
Hindi: Sonchala • Kannada:
Kadukadalegida • Telugu:
Trikalamalli
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Annual or biennial herb.
Stems are red and sprawling .
Leaves are rounded and serrated.
Flowers white or tinged with pink or purple occur
singly or in clusters of 2-4 in leaf axils.
ers.
Marsilea minuta
Common name
• dwarf waterclover
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T
Small creeping fern with erect 4-foliolate leaves, arising
solitary from the nodes on a long creeping rhizome,
rooting at the nodes
Marsilea quadrifoliata
Common name
• 'Four Leaf Clover'
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T
Aquatic fern bearing 4 parted leaf resembling '4-leaf
clover' (Trifolium).
Leaves floating in deep water or erect in shallow water
or on land.
Medicago denticulata
Common name
• Bur Clover, bur medic,
toothed medic
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Pea, Grape
Annual herb 6-22 inches tall.
Leaves with 3 clover-like leaflets.
Flowers in clusters of 3-5 small yellow flowers which
bloom in early spring
Melilotus alba
Common name
• White Sweet Clover, White melilot •
Hindi: Khandai, सफ़ेद बन मेथी Safed
Ban-methi • Marathi: पांढिी िानमेथी
Ran Methi
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Pea, Onion
Biennial legume with compound leaves consisting of 3leaflets.
Leaflets oblong , 1-2.5 cm long, without hair above and
having appressed hairs below.
Flowers small, white, arranged in many-flowered
racemes in leaf axils and at the end of branches.
Mielilotus indicus
Common name
• sweet clover (or sweet-clover), sour
clover (sour-clover, sourclover), Indian
sweet-clover, annual yellow sweetclover,
small-flowered sweet clover, smallflowered melilot and small melilot.
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Pea, Cumin
Annual or biennial herb from 10 to 50 cm.
Flowers yellow
Monochoria vaginalis
Common name
• Oval Leaf Pondweed, Oval Leaf Monochoria,
Marshy betelvine • Hindi: ननका Nanka, इंदीवि
Indivar • Marathi: Nelat-phal • Tamil:
Karimkuvalam • Malayalam: Karinkuvvalam •
Telugu: Nirakancha • Kannada: Neelothpala •
Bengali: nukha • Assamese: nara meteka •
Sanskrit: इंदीविः Indivarah
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T-DS
Aquatic annual or perennial herb with emersed leaves,
50 cm tall.
Leaves variable - 2-12.5 cm long.
Flowers 3-25, violet or blue
Oxalis corniculata
Common name
• Creeping Wood Sorrel, Creeping Oxalis
• Hindi: Amrul अम्रल
ु • Manipuri: শ্বেরিল
Yensil • Tamil: Paliakiri • Bengali:
অমৰু লোক Amrulshak • Malayalam:
Poliyarala
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Citrus
Branching from the base, the upper portion is
ascending or weakly erect, smooth or hairy.
The leaves are arranged alternately along the stems.
A single long stalk arises from the axils of the leaf, from
which extend three flower stalks, each with a single
flower.
The flowers are 7-11 mm wide and have 5 yellow
petals.
Panicum repens
Common name
• Blue Panicgrass, giant panic • Gujarati:
Dhusdo, dhusghas • Hindi: कुटकी kutki,
Gunara, hadjodi, garmano, ghirano •
Marathi: Git, male, girni • Punjabi: ਘਮੂਰ
ghamur • Tamil: nassiam pillu, pinisu
pillu, picai, picappul
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T
A tall grass that can reach a height of 6.5 feet.
The leaves have a distinct midrib and wavy margins
Parthenium hysterophorus
Common name
• Carrot Grass, Congress grass, Wild
carrot weed • Hindi: र्ाजि घास
gajar ghas, चटक चांदनी Chatak
Chandani
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Soybean, Sugarcane, NCA
Annual or under certain conditions, a short-lived
perennial herb with a deep tap root and an erect stem
that becomes woody with age reaching to 2 m.
Leaves pale green, branched and covered with soft fine
hairs.
Small white flowers have five distinct corners and grow
on the stem tips.
Paspalum conjugatum
Common name
• Knot Grass, Couch paspalum,
Ginger grass, Mercer grass,
seashore paspalum, salt
jointgrass, turfgrass •
Malayalam: Tereta-pullu
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Tea
Creeping perennial grass up to 50 cm tall,
Slender to stout whitish or yellowish rhizomes.
Flowers are borne in usually 2 erect then more or less
spreading to reflexed racemes mostly 1.5-7 cm long.
Spikelets are usually solitary on the stalks.
Paspalum notatum
Common name
• Bahia grass
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
Paspalum scrobiculatum
Common name
• Koda Millet, Kodo Millet or Kodra
Millet. It is known as
varaku/karuvaraku ( ருவைகு/வைகு)
in Tamil
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Tea
Loosely tufted, shallow rooting, short-lived perennial
or annual.
Ascending, somewhat succulent branched stems up to
90 cm high, tufts up to 60 cm in diameter; culms with
four to six nodes.
Leaves up to 30 cm long and 12 mm wide, flat, soft,
completely hairless on mature plants;
Inflorescence of three to four racemes, 49 cm long.
Phalaris minor
Common name
• Dwarf Canary Grass, Lesser canarygrass,
Little-seed Canary grass, small Canary
grass
• Hindi: Gehusa, Gulli Danda, Gehu ka
mama
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Winter grass.
Seedlings are bluish green in color, have a large, white ligule inside the
leaf blade where its base wraps the stem and a leaf sheath with a reddish
base.
Mature plants range from 4-40 inches tall, branched at the base, and
have mostly erect stems.
The soft, broad leaves are up to 6 inches long with transparent ligules.
Flowers are produced on spike-like heads 0.80 to 4 inches long.
Flower clusters, or spikelets, are densely packed in the head.
Bracts are grayish brown with light stripes on each side.
Seeds, when separated from bracts, are hairy, flattened, oblong,
translucent, and grayish green or straw colored.
Phalaris minor
Common name
• Dwarf Canary Grass, Lesser
canarygrass, Little-seed Canary
grass, small Canary grass
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Phalaris minor
Common name
• Dwarf Canary Grass, Lesser
canarygrass, Little-seed Canary
grass, small Canary grass
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Phyllanthus niruri
Common name
• Carry Me Seed, Black catnip, Child pick-a-back, Gale of wind,
Gulf leaf flower, Hurricane weed, Shatterstone, Stone
breaker • Hindi: भूई आंवला Bhui aonla, जड़ आमला Jaramla,
जंर्ली अमली Jangli amli • Manipuri: াক্পা হৈরু Chakpa heikru
• Marathi: भुईआवळी bhuiavali • Tamil: கீழொகெல்லி
keelanelli, கீழ் ொய்கெல்லி kizkaynelli • Malayalam: Kilanelli
• Telugu: నేల ఉసిరి nela usiri • Bengali: ভূঈ আমলা Bhui amla •
Sanskrit: bahupatra, भम्
ू यामलकी bhumyaamalaki
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, Soybean, Groundnut, NCA
Slender, hairless erect annual herb, growing up to 80
cm, usually 30-40 cm, with angular branches.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, blunt or rounded at apex and
base. Leaves are dark green above, paler and greyish
beneath.
Fruits round, trilobate
Pluchia lanceolata
Common name
• Rasna • Hindi: Phaar • Kannada:
Chithramoolaka • Marathi: िसना Rasna,
Rashna • Sanskrit: Elaparni, िसना Rasna,
Rasya, Sreyasi, सुर्ंधा Sugandha, सुिभी
Surabhi, surasa, suvaha, युक्ता yukta • Telugu:
Rasna
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Undershrub, 1.5 m tall, with whitish or greyish
branches.
Leaves sessile, 1-7 cm long, oblong.
Flower-heads are purplish, ovoid or bell-shaped.
Poa annua
Common name
• Annual Bluegrass, Annual Meadow
Grass
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Pea
Tufted, annual plant.
Sweetest grass for green fodder.
Stem 15–25 cm, slightly flattened.
Panicle open and triangular shaped, 5 to 7.5 cm long.
Spikelets purple.
Green leaves are short and blunt at the tip
.
Paspalum notatum
Common name
• Mile-a-minute weed , Devil's tail,
tearthumb, Asiatic tearthumb,
Gangbangui, or Devil Shield
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Maize,Tea
It has a reddish stem that is armed with downward
pointing hooks or barbs which are also present on the
underside of the triangular leaf blades.
Flowers are small, white and generally inconspicuous
Portulaca oleracea
Common name
• Purslane • Hindi: Lunia लतू नया •
Manipuri: হলবাক কুবদা Leibak kundo •
Tamil: புருப்புக்கீபை Paruppu keerai
• Malayalam: Koluppa • Kannada:
Dudagorai • Bengali: নূ রনযা সাগ Nunia
sag (Bengali)
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Maize, Groundnut,
Sugarcane, Potato, Pea, Onion, Grap
Annual, succulent herb, 40cm.
Smooth, reddish, mostly prostrate stems.
Alternate leaves clustered at stem joints and ends.
Flowers yellow.
Used in salads and as a medicinal plant
Rosa moschata
Common name
• Musk Rose • Hindi: Ban gulab •
Oriya: shatapatri • Sanskrit:
kubjaka
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Apple
A species of rose, shrub up to 3 m tall, with single
white 5 cm across flowers.
The flowers have a characteristic "musky" scent,
emanating from the stamens.
The prickles on the stems are straight or slightly curved
and have a broad base.
The light- or greyish-green leaves have 5 to 7 ovate
leaflets with small teeth.
Rosa eglanteria
Common name
• Sweetbriar rose
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Apple
Eurasian rose with prickly stems and fragrant leaves
and bright pink flowers followed by scarlet hips
Rubus ellipticus
Common name
• Yellow Himalayan Raspberry • Hindi:
Lalanchu, Hinsal • Manipuri: হৈজামবপত
Heijampet • Mao: Shingu shi •
Kashmiri: Gouriphal, Hisara •
Assamese: Jotelupoka • Gujarati:
Shunu mukram • Nepali: ऐंसेलु Ainselu
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Apple
Shrub, growing up to 2 m tall.
Clothed with prickles and reddish hairs.
The alternate leaves are compound with three round to
blunt leaflets 5-10 cm long.
The undersides of the leaves are lighter than the upper
surface and covered with downy hairs.
The flowers are small, white with five petals.
The fruit is a round yellow cluster of druplets easily
detaching from the receptacle.
The fruits are edible.
Rumex denticulate
Common name
• Toothed Dock • Assamese: Jangali
chuka • Hindi: Ambavati, Amrule,
Ambavah, जंर्ली पालक Jangli palak •
Sanskrit: Changeri
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Cumin
Annual herb with stem 20-60 cm tall, unbranched or
branched from near the base.
Basal leaves are ovate-oblong with a flat, rarely heartshaped base.
Flowers are borne in whorls of many flowers
Salvinia molesta
Common name
• Giant salvinia or kariba weed
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat, Cumin
Aquatic fern, free floating , remains buoyant on the
surface of a body of water.
The fronds are 0.5–4 cm long and broad, with a bristly
surface caused by the hair-like strands that join at the
end to form eggbeater shapes
Setaria glauca
Common name
• Yellow Foxtail, pigeon grass, cat-tail millet •
Bengali: Begun • Hindi: Bandra, Bandri, Ban
kauni, Siun, Ankutt • Kannada:
Bilikoriekhullu • Marathi: Barati, Bhadli •
Oriya: Kukru • Sanskrit: Venupatrika •
Tamil: Koralaepullu • Telugu: Nakkakora
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Soybean
Clump-forming, annual with a seedhead that resembles
a fox's tail.
Leaf blades may reach 12 inches in length and 7-12 mm
in width, and have long silky hairs at the leaf bases.
The seedhead is a cylindrical bristly panicle, reaching 6
inches in length and 1/3-2/3 inch in width.
Sida acuta
Common name
• Common Wireweed, Morning mallow,
Common Fanpetals • Hindi: Baraira •
Sanskrit: Bala • Marathi: चचकना Chikana
• Tamil: Palambasi • Telugu:
Muttavapulagamu • Oriya: Sunakhodika
• Malayalam: Malatanni Shiruparuva
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Soybean
Much branched shrubby plant growing to a height of a
feet or a little more.
Leaves simple lanceolate, prominently toothed and have
an acute base (hence acuta).
The flowers grow from leaf axils, are yellow in colour,
solitary or occasionally in pairs.
The flowers are buttercup like in shape, with
overlapping petals.
Solanum elaeagnifolium
Common name
• Silver-leaved Nightshade
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Soybean
Perennial 10 cm to 1 m in height.
Stems covered with nettle-like prickles, ranging from
very few on some plants to very dense on others.
Leaves and stems covered with downy hairs giving a
silvery or grayish appearance.
Flowers blue to pale lavender or occasionally white.
Produces glossy yellow, orange, or red berries
Solanum nigrum
Common name
• Makoh
Types of Weeds
• Broad leaves weed
Crop affected
• Sugarcane
Sonchus arvensis
Common name
• Field Sow-Thistle, Corn Sow Thistle,
Dindle, Field Sow Thistle, Gutweed,
Swine Thistle, Tree Sow Thistle • Bengali:
banpalang • Hindi: Chopalu, Sahadevi
bari • Konkani: Gangmula • Nepali:
Banpaling • Telugu: Jangli tamaku
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Citrus
Stems up to 1.5 m tall, erect, herbaceous, hairless,
hollow, with milky sap, branching above in
inflorescence.
Alternately arranged stalkless leaves, hairless, toothed,
up to 30 cm long.
Inflorescence is a loose corymb-like arrangement of
yellow flower heads at the end of branches.
Sorghum halepense
Common name
• Johnson Grass, Aleppo grass, Aleppo
milletgrass • Bengali: jowar • Hindi:
baru, chinna, bajara, jangli-jowar •
Kannada: huchhu jola, impi jola, kaadu
galagu hullu, kahijola • Telugu: gaddi
janu
Type of weeds
• Narrow leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Maize, Sogarcane
Erect, perennial, rhizomatous grass, to 3.5 m tall.
It is a principal weed of corn, cotton, and sugarcane, and
a weed of many crops throughout the world.
Leaf-blades 20-90 cm long; 5-40 mm wide. Inflorescence
is a panicle with branches
Spergula arvensis
Common name
• Corn Spurry
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Annual herb up to 12 inches high and 24 inches wide.
Leaves occur in whorls around the stem.
Each leaf is circular in cross section, fleshy, about 1 inch
long, and often curved slightly towards the terminal end
of the branch.
Flowers white.
Sphenoclea zeylanica
Common name
• Gooseweed, Wedgwort
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Paddy-T-DS
An erect, branched herb, 7—150—cm tall.
Stem: smooth and fleshy, hollow, much branched.
Leaf: simple and spirally arranged light green; blades
oblong to lance-shaped, narrowed at the tip, 10—cm—
long, borne on short stalks.
Inflorescence: green, cylindrical, 7.5—cm—long and
dense terminal spike; flowers densely crowded, white to
greenish, sessile.
Trianthama monogyna
Common name
• Desert Horse Purslane, Giant pigweed, HorsePurslane • Bengali: Gadabani, Godabani,
Kulphasag, Swetpunarnova • Hindi: Sabuni,
Salsabuni, Svetsabuni, Vishakhapara • Kannada:
Muchchugoni, Bili komme • Malayalam: Talutama,
tavilama • Marathi: Pundhari-ghentuli • Nepali:
Seto punarnava • Oriya: Luduru sag • Sanskrit:
Chiratika, Dhanapatra, Dirghapatrika • Tamil:
Sharunnai, Shavalai, Charu velai • Telugu:
ambatimadu, galijeru, ghelijehru
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Maize, Sugarcane, Potato
It occurs in wastelands, roadsides, lawns, gardens,
cultivated crops, and in paddy fields if the water supply
is low.
Stems prostrate or rising, somewhat succulent, up to 50
cm long or more, smooth or sparsely velvety.
Leaves are flat, elliptic to obovate or spade-shaped, 1-2
cm long, 0.4-2 cm wide, margins entire, tip blunt, base
rounded to wedge-shaped.
Pink flowers borne solitary, stalkless, largely hidden in
leaf axils.
Trianthema portulacastrum
Common name
• Desert Horse Purslane, Giant pigweed, Horse-Purslane
• Bengali: Gadabani, Godabani, Kulphasag,
Swetpunarnova • Hindi: Sabuni, Salsabuni, Svetsabuni,
Vishakhapara • Kannada: Muchchugoni, Bili komme •
Malayalam: Talutama, tavilama • Marathi: Pundharighentuli • Nepali: Seto punarnava • Oriya: Luduru sag
• Sanskrit: Chiratika, Dhanapatra, Dirghapatrika •
Tamil: Sharunnai, Shavalai, Charu velai • Telugu:
ambatimadu, galijeru, ghelijehru
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Maize
Morphology
Trianthema spp
Common name
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Sorghum
Morphology
Tribulus terristris
Common name
• Puncture Vine, Caltrop, Yellow Vine,
Goathead • Hindi: Gokharu र्ोखरू •
Urdu: Gokhru • Bengali: Gokhru kanta •
Telugu: Cinnpalleru • Tamil: ைல்மலரு
முள்ளு palleru-mullu • Malayalam:
Nerinnii
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Maize, Sugarcane, Citrus
Herbaceous perennial plant.
Stems usually prostrate, forming flat patches, though
they may grow more upwards in shade or among taller
plants.
Leaves pinnately compound with leaflets less than a
quarter-inch long.
The flowers are 4-10 mm wide, with five lemon-yellow
petals.
Tridax procumbens
Common name
• Tridax Daisy, Coat Buttons, Mexican
Daisy • Hindi: Khal-muriya, Tal-muriya •
Tamil: Vettukkaaya-thalai • Telugu:
Gaddichamanthi • Kannada: Sanna gida
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Sorghum, Grape
Morphology
Stands about 30-60 cm high and has slightly hairy stems.
The leaves are ovate or lanceolate with toothed edges.
The small creamy or white flower has five petals which
are notched on the outer edges. The centre of the
flower is yellow.
Typha latifolia
Common name
• Lesser Indian Reed Mace, Elephant
Grass, Small Bulrush, Lesser Cattail •
Hindi: पतेिा Patera, Pater • Marathi: Pun,
Pan-kanis • Tamil: ஸம்பு Sambu •
Telugu: Dabbu Jambu, Jammu •
Kannada: Apu • Bengali: শ্বৈাগলা Hogla
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Sorghum
Perennial, 1.5 - 2 m, and its leaf and stem standing
erect.
Leaves are thick, 5 -12 mm wide.
Male and female flowers develop in dense, complex
spikes on the same vertical stem
Vicia hirsute
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Wheat
Vicia sativa
Common name
• Black-Pod Vetch, common
vetch, narrow-leaf vetch, spring
vetch
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Wheat
Climbing herb, with stems almost hairless, up to 3 ft tall.
Leaves are compound with 5-6 pairs of opposite leaflets
and 1 terminal tendril.
Flowers are borne singly or in pairs on short stalks
arising at the base of the leaves, blue to purple.
Xantheium strumarium
Common name
• Common Cocklebur, broad bur, burdock datura,
clotbur, rough cockleburr • Hindi: छोटा धतूिा chota
dhatura, छोटा र्ोखरू
ु chota gokhuru, घाघिा ghaghra,
संखाहुली sankhahuli • Marathi: घार्िा ghagara, िंकेश्र्वि
shankeshrvar • Tamil: ேருளூேத்ப marul-umattai •
Telugu: మరులుతీగె marulutige • Kannada: ಮರುಳೂಮಮತ್ತಿ
maruluummatti • Gujarati: godrian • Sanskrit: अरिष्ट
arishta, मेध्य medhya, सपगक्षी sarpakshi
Type of weeds
• Broad leaves
Crop affected
• Cotton, Maize, Grape
Annual herb with a short, stout, hairy stem , large and
broad leaves, light and bright green in color in an
alternate pattern with irregular lobes and relatively
inconspicuous teeth.
Stems turn maroon to black when mature, with an
elliptic or egg shaped fruit clusters growing nestled
around the stem.
Flowers white or green, numerous.
Fruit is obovoid with 2 hooked beaks and hooked
bristles