Transcript Plant Science

Plant Science
Agriscience
Applications
Careers in Plant Science
Objective:
Investigate career
opportunities related to
plant science industries
Careers in Plant Science
 Career Areas:
 Forest Careers
 Growing,
managing and harvesting trees for
wood and its by-products

Horticulture Careers
 Floriculture-
flower production and use
 Landscape and nursery- plants used around
homes and businesses for aesthetic purposes
Careers in Plant Science
 Forest Careers

Forester


Forest Ranger


Helps with the science of growing trees
Management of forest including fire
prevention
Logging Foreman

Supervise the harvesting of trees
Careers in Plant Science
 Floriculture (Horticulture)





Floral designer
Flower grower
Greenhouse manager
Retail florist
Wholesale florist
Careers in Plant Science
 Landscaping and nursery (Horticulture)





Greenskeeper- cares for golf courses
Landscaper- installs plants
Landscape architect
Nursery operator- grows trees and shrubs
Turf farmer- grows turf (grass) for sale
Plant Parts and Functions
Objective:
Explain the function of
major plant parts as
related to plant growth
and health
Plants
 Composed of many parts




Roots
Steams
Leaves
Flowers
Roots
 Often the largest part of the plant

Squash can have miles of roots
 Adventitious roots



Found in places unexpected
Poison ivy
Mistletoe
Root
Two types of systems
1. Taproot- main root that usually grows down

Carrots
2. Fibrous roots- thin, hair like, and numerous


Grass
Corn
Root Tissue
 Root cap- outermost part of a root


Tough cells that penetrate the soil
Pushes through soil partials
Roots
 Area of cell division


Allows roots to grow longer
New cell replace worn away cells
 Area of cell elongation



Between the root cap and the plan base
Cells become longer
Cells become specialized
Roots
 Xylem

Carries water and nutrients to the upper portion
of the plant
 Phloem



Pipeline
Carries food to the roots
Food is stored in the roots
Roots
Areas of cell maturation
 Where cells mature
 Root hairs emerge




Develop on the surface of the root
Absorb water and nutrients
Damaged easily
Cannot be replaced
Stems
 Support leaves, flowers, fruit
 Types of stems:


Woody
Herbaceous
 Other stems:



Bulbs (onions)
Rhizomes (wiregrass)
Tubers (potato)
Leaves
 Manufactures food for the plant


Converts sunlight into food
Photosynthesis
Light
Carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen
Leaves
 Help in the
identification of plants

Leaf margins
 Shape and size varies
with each species


Simple leaves
Compound leaves
Flowers
 Functions to produce seeds
 Types of flowers


Perfect (both male and female)
Imperfect
 Pollination

The union of pollen with the female part of the
flower
Assignment
Using pages 274 to 289 write a definition of the following
terms in your notebook:








Root cap
Root hairs
Woody
Fruit
Vegetable
Perfect flower
Herbaceous
Stoma








Bulbs
Rhizomes
Node
Internode
Simple leaves
guard cells
Imperfect flower
Cuticle
Photosynthesis
Objective: Explore the
photosynthesis process
as related to growth
and development of a
plant
Process
 Light energy is connected to chemical
energy




Chloroplast contains chlorophyll
Simple sugars are made (glucose)
Carbon dioxide is used
Oxygen is produced
Photosynthesis
Glucose
6CO2+12H2O
Carbon
Dioxide
Oxygen
C6H12O2+6O2
Water
Slowing Photosynthesis
 Low Carbon dioxide


Greenhouse
Carbon dioxide generators
Slowing Photosynthesis
 Low Light


Dark rooms
Light intensity matters
 Temperature


Best at 65-85 degrees Fahrenheit
Extreme temps can stop photosynthesis
Respiration
 Food is used
 Energy is released
 Oxygen is used
 Carbon dioxide is produced
 Occurs in both light and dark
Transpiration
 Release of water vapor from the stomata
 90% of the water entering the roots

10% is used in chemical processes
 Functions:



cooling
transportation
maintaining turgor pressure
Plant
Reproduction
Objective: Describe flower and
seed parts, including their function
Plant Reproduction
 Two types of propagation:

Sexual
use of seed for reproducing plants
 only way to obtain new varieties and hybrid vigor
 often least expensive and quickest


Asexual
vegetative
 exact duplicate

Parts of the Flower
 Stamen (male part)



Filament
Anther- manufactures pollen
Pollen- male sexual reproductive cell
Parts of the Flower
 Pistil (female part)



Stigma- receives the pollen
Style- connection to the ovary
Ovary- contains the ovules or female
reproductive cells
Parts of the Flower
 Petals (corolla)


Colored part of the flower
Attract insects or other
natural pollinators
Parts of the Flower
Stamen (Male)
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Pollen
Anther
Filament
Pistil (Female)
Flower Parts
Anther
Filament
The Seed
Parts of the seed:
 Seed Coat offers protection
 Endosperm supplies food for the
seed
 Embryo is the young plant
Germination
 The seed starts to sprout and grow
 Requires four environmental factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Water
Air
Light
Temperature
Environmental Factors
 Water imbibition (absorption of water)


Tough seed coat
Scarifying seeds
 Air is needed for respiration

Seeds are viable or alive
Environmental Factors
 Light

Some seeds need light while others do not
 Seeds must have the right temperature to
germinate
Asexual Propagation
 Cutting vegetative parts of the plant:





leaf cuttings
root cuttings
stem cuttings
layering
grafting


T-budding
tissue culture (micropropagation)
Assignment
Complete the Self Evaluation on page 331 to
333 sections A to D. For section D make all
“False” answers true.
Soil and Plant Media
Objective: Analyze basic soil and
media requirements for growth of
agricultural crops
Soil and Plant Media
 Soil is the top layer of the earth's surface
 Sphagunm moss

root growth
 Perlite



volcanic glass
starting new plants
media mixes
Soil and Plant Media
 Vermiculite




mineral mica-type material
stating plant seeds
cuttings
media mixes
Soil and Plant Media
 Peat Moss

used in media mixes
Soil pH
 Improper pH affects availability of nutrients

limits plant intake
Acid
2
5
Neutral
7
8
10
Alkaline
Amending soil pH
Amending soil pH
Amending soil pH
 Lime is usually applied as finely ground
dolomitic limestone


calcium
magnesium
Fertilizers
Objective: Explain nutrient
requirements and soil amendments
needed for growth of agricultural crops
Fertilizers
Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium
Example: 10-10-10
Fertilizers
 Fertilizers must become soluble (liquid form)
before they can be used by plants
 Organic fertilizers



Manure
Bone meal (phosphorus)
Soybean meal
Fertilizers
 Organic fertilizers



slow acting
long lasting
lacking some primary nutrients
 Inorganic

High level of nutrients
Plant Identification
Plant ID for Agriscience
Chlorophytum comosum
 COMMON NAME: Spider plant
 FOLIAGE: arching leaves with cascading
wiry stems
 FLOWERS: small white flowers
 ID FEATURE: many times will contain tiny
plantlets at the apex of leaves
Chlorophytum comosum
Euphorbia pulcherrima
 COMMON NAME: Poinsettia
 FORM: shrub
 FOLIAGE: large alternate leaves with or
without teeth on the margin
 FLOWER: cup-shaped flowers in a cluster
above the showy red, pink, or creamy leaf
bracts with a large yellow gland on the rim
of the flower
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Red petals are actually bracts, not flowers.
Hedera helix
 COMMON NAME: English Ivy
 FORM: a vine climbing by aerial rootlets
or a prostrate groundcover
 FOLIAGE: leaves are dark green with
white veins, leathery evergreen foliage,
alternate leaf arrangement, 1.5 to 4” long,
juvenile leaves are 3 to 5 lobed and adult
leaves are not lobed
Hedera helix
Hedera helix
Liriope muscari
 COMMON NAME: Liriope
 FORM: grass-like perennial 12 to 18 inch
tall clumps
 FOLIAGE: strap-like, arching, glossy, dark
green leaves (to 1” wide)
 FLOWERS: erect, showy flower spikes
with tiered whorls of dense, violet-purple
flowers
Liriope muscari
Liriope muscari
Nephrolepis exaltata
 COMMON NAME: Boston Fern
 FORM: evergreen fern, up to 5 feet tall
 Reproduces by spores located on the bottom
side of leaves
Nephrolepis exaltata
Nephrolepis exaltata
Philodendron scandens
 COMMON NAME: Parlor Ivy
 FORM: trailing growth form
 FOLIAGE: Heart shaped, glossy, dark green
leaves, 4” long and 3” wide
Philodendron scandens
Saintpaulia ionantha
 COMMON NAME: African violet
 FORM: from miniature varieties of 4
inches wide, to large varieties more than 15
inches wide
 FOLIAGE: large, flat, succulent, pubescent
leaves
 FLOWERS: varies in color from pink,
white, blue, red and bicolor
Saintpaulia ionantha
Saintpaulia ionantha
Saintpaulia ionantha
Spathiphyllum cv.
 COMMON NAME: Peace Lily
 FORM: perennial herb
 FOLIAGE: leaves are basal, elongated,
pointed at both ends dark green with
conspicuously indented veins
 FLOWERS: small on spadix surrounded by
a white or greenish, flat or concave spathe
Spathiphyllum cv.
Spathiphyllum cv.
Tradescantia zebrina
 COMMON NAME: Purple Wandering Jew
 FORM: trailing vine-like plant, vines can
grow to several feet in length
 FOLIAGE: 2” wide and 4”long leaves that
are purple with silver stripes
Tradescantia zebrina
Tradescantia zebrina
Tradescantia zebrina
This is actually a green variety of
wandering jew.
Viola X wittrockiana
 COMMON NAME: pansy
 FORM: low, bushy growing habit with a
height of .25 to .75 feet tall and a width of .5
to .75 feet
 FLOWERS: white, yellow, black, brown,
lavender, purple, blue, pink, often with
blotches that resemble animals’ faces
Viola X wittrockiana
Viola X wittrockiana
Viola X wittrockiana