Transcript IslaBiodRaritySC

I.
BIODIVERSITY
A. History of biodiversity (and extinction) on earth
B. Where is biodiversity on earth and why?
C. How many species do we have?
D. Extinction today (Mon and Wed)
1. Terms (functionally extinct etc…
2. Categorizing species (Who lists species?)
3. Timing of getting on list-how long do we wait?
4. Loss of populations
5. Who has gone extinct?
6. Are we in the midst of a 6th extinction? (paper)
7. Using Island Biogeography to predict extinctions
8. Forms of rarity-a deeper understanding of populations at risk.
E. Relationships between ecosystem functioning, ecosystem services and
biodiversity (CH3, Readings for Wed and Fri).
7. Using Island Biogeography to predict
extinctions
CH 10
Case Study-Birds in New England p193
Massive deforestation of eastern forests.
Island biogeography shown that there is a
predictable relationship between “island size” and
species number.
Plants on small islands in
Bahamas
Birds on lakes
Fig 10.3
Bats and caves
Springs in Australia
Example #breeding bird species in different size
plots of North American deciduous forest. (Preston, 1960)
What is pattern?
Data: D.R. Foster. “Land-Use History and Four Hundred Years of Vegetation Change in New
England,” eds. B.L. Turner et al., in Global Land Use Change: A Perspective from the
Columbian Encounter, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain; Figure:
Kaufmann, Robert K. and Cleveland, Cutler J. 2007. Environmental Science (McGraw-Hill,
Dubuque, IA). http://www.trunity.net/sam2/view/article/51cbf4517896bb431f6af5bb/
Why were so few species lost given about 75% of
those forests were cut?
Based on species area relationships should have lost
16% (should have lost 26/160)
Yet only 4 species went extinct…(mostly they did
not have small ranges).
Pointed out that most of those 160 species also live
elsewhere…beyond eastern forests.
Really only 30 species just live in these forests
.16 times 30= 4.8… so better prediction!
8. Forms of rarity-a deeper understanding
of populations at risk.
3 forms of rarity- Rabinowitz
Geographic
range
When you look on
map…
Leedy’s roseroot
Mt. Graham red
squirrel
Narrow
Narrow
Local Habitat
requirements/
tolerance
How picky are
they…
Local Population
Density
When you are
standing in one
spot how many are
you likely to see…
Restricted
Hi
Not Restricted
Low
Tiger
Wide
Not Restricted
Low (very)
Blanding’s turtle
Wide
Restricted
Low
Geographic
range
When you look on
map…
Leedy’s roseroot
Narrow
Local Habitat
requirements/
tolerance
How picky are
they…
Local Population
Density
When you are
standing in one
spot how many are
you likely to see…
Restricted
Hi
Low
Mt. Graham red
squirrel
Narrow
Not Restricted
Tiger
Wide
Not Restricted
Low (very)
Blanding’s turtle
Wide
Restricted
Low
Geographic
range
When you look on
map…
Leedy’s roseroot
Mt. Graham red
squirrel
Narrow
Narrow
Local Habitat
requirements/
tolerance
How picky are
they…
Local Population
Density
When you are
standing in one
spot how many are
you likely to see…
Restricted
Hi
Not Restricted
Low
Tiger
Wide
Not Restricted
Low (very)
Blanding’s turtle
Wide
Restricted
Low